A glass bubble includes a hollow glass body having an outer surface with a diameter of between about 16 micrometers and about 25 micrometers and a surface roughness of about 0.01% to about 0.1% of that diameter. A low density sheet molding compound incorporating a plurality of glass bubbles and resin is also disclosed.

Methods of forming vias in a glass-based article by laser-damage-and-etch processes including etching solutions having positive charge organic molecules are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method of forming a via in a glass-based article includes forming a damage track through a bulk of the glass-based article extending from a first surface of the glass-based article to a second surface of the glass-based article, and applying an etching solution to the glass-based article to form the via. The etching solution includes at least one acid and a positive charge organic molecule. An etch rate at the first surface and the second surface is lower than an etch rate at the damage track.

Methods for manufacturing and/or reinforcing a carbon-containing glass material are disclosed. The method includes supplying a non-thermal equilibrium plasma including a plurality of positive charged gas particles and a plurality of ionized inert gas particles into a reaction chamber, and accelerating at least the plurality of positive charged gas particles through the reaction chamber based on application of an external electric potential to the non-thermal equilibrium plasma. The method includes bombarding a surface-to-air interface of the glass material with the accelerated positive charged gas particles and the ionized inert gas particles, and forming an interphase region in the glass material in response to the bombardment. The method includes forming a compressive stress layer in the glass material in response to the bombardment by at least the ionized inert gas particles. The compressive stress layer may be disposed between the interphase region and the surface-to-air interface of the carbon-containing glass material.

The present invention is directed towards a display element comprising a photochromic-dichroic compound and a dichroic compound, the display element having a first absorption state and a second absorption state and being operable for switching from the first absorption state to the second absorption state in response to actinic radiation and to revert back to the first absorption state in response to actinic radiation and/or thermal energy, wherein the first absorption state has a transmittance percentage of 50% to 80%, and the second absorption state has a transmittance percentage of 10% to 50%. The invention is further directed to display devices comprising the display element, and methods of making the display element.

An object cutting method includes: a first step of preparing an object to be processed including a single crystal silicon substrate and a functional device layer provided on a first main surface side; a second step of irradiating the object with laser light to form at least one row of modified regions in the single crystal silicon substrate and to form a fracture in the object so as to extend between the at least one row of modified regions and a second main surface of the object; a third step of forming an etching protection layer having a gas passing region formed, on the second main surface; and a fourth step of performing dry etching on the object from the second main surface side, in a state in which the etching protection layer is formed on the second main surface, to form a groove opening to the second main surface.

Disclosed is a method of forming a vehicle interior component. In the method, a glass article is arranged on a forming surface of a forming surface. The glass article has a first major surface and a second major surface. The first major surface faces the forming surface, and the second major surface is opposite to the first major surface. The second major surface includes a region having a surface free energy of at least 35 mN/m. An adhesive is applied to the region of the second major surface of the glass article. The adhesive is contacted with a frame to attach the frame to the glass article.

It is not preferable to use a material other than materials that are used in the related art in order to prevent a section from peeling from a microscope slide. This is because, even if adhesiveness is improved, it is necessary to eliminate influence on processes such as dyeing. An object of the invention is to provide a technique for preventing a section from peeling off without applying an additional material. In the invention, the above-described problem is solved by etching at least a part of a region of a surface of a substrate with reactive ions.

The present invention provides an antifog-film-attached glass article for security cameras that includes: a glass base; and an antifog film on a surface of the glass base, wherein after a predetermined water immersion test is performed, information of a predetermined QR code (registered trademark) of a 40 mm square size is readable. The antifog film may include an organic polymer having a betaine structure. The antifog film can be manufactured by applying a coating liquid including the organic polymer onto a surface of the glass base and heating, at 90 to 190? C., the glass base onto which the coating liquid has been applied.

The present invention provides an article having a water- and oil-repellent surface layer, as well as excellent water- and oil-repellent properties, abrasion resistance (resistance to abrasion by eraser), and slipperiness, said article being constituted from: a glass substrate; an underlayer formed upon the outer surface of the glass substrate and having a silicon oxide as the main component thereof; and a water- and oil-repellent surface layer formed upon the outer surface of the silicon oxide underlayer. The film density of the silicon oxide underlayer is 1.8-2.2 g/cm.sup.3. The water- and oil-repellent surface layer has, as the main component thereof: a fluoropolyether group-containing polymer having a hydrolyzable silyl group with a specific structure; and/or a cured product of a partially hydrolyzed condensate thereof.

A method of producing a glass vessel includes holding a borosilicate glass tube with a first holding device, and holding an open end portion of the glass tube with a second holding device such that the second holding device is spaced apart from the first holding device. Heat is applied to the glass tube by a burner to separate the open end portion and form a bottom portion on the open end portion. Fire-blast treatment of an inner surface of the open end portion with a flame from a point burner is performed during at least a part of (i) applying heat to the borosilicate glass tube for separation, (ii) applying heat to the separated open end portion for bottom portion formation, and/or (iii) a period applying heat to the separated open end portion and prior to releasing the glass vessel from the second holding device.