A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate and its method of formation is disclosed. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate comprises a solid support, a first noble metal nanoparticles is disposed on the solid support, a porous oxide layer comprising transition metal oxide nanoparticles is disposed on the first noble metal nanoparticles and a second noble metal nanoparticles is disposed on the porous oxide layer. The porous oxide layer prevents contact between the first noble metal nanoparticles and the second noble metal nanoparticles and has a mean pore size of 2 to 30 nm.

A method of manufacturing a scintillator material includes providing a substrate made of a quartz glass and having a recess formed therein; filling the recess with a raw material powder obtained by mixing an iodide raw material and SiO.sub.2 fine particles; after filling the recess, disposing a lid on the substrate to cover the recess; and after disposing the lid, heating the substrate, thereby forming a nanocomposite layer in which an iodide phosphor is introduced into a cristobalite structure.

A nanoparticle coater includes a housing; a nanoparticle discharge slot; a first combustion slot; and a second combustion slot.

A process for preparing a glass product with marking and the glass product with marking obtained according to the process thereof are described. The process includes 1) coating an ink composition onto a surface of a glass substrate, and 2) heating the glass substrate obtained in step 1). The obtained glass product includes a marking that contains particles having a size of from 150 to 600 nm.

A nanoparticle coater includes a housing; a nanoparticle discharge slot; a first combustion slot; and a second combustion slot.

A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate and its method of formation is disclosed. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate comprises a solid support, a first noble metal nanoparticles is disposed on the solid support, a porous oxide layer comprising transition metal oxide nanoparticles is disposed on the first noble metal nanoparticles and a second noble metal nanoparticles is disposed on the porous oxide layer. The porous oxide layer prevents contact between the first noble metal nanoparticles and the second noble metal nanoparticles and has a mean pore size of 2 to 30 nm.

A composition that is easily applied, clear, well-bonded, and superhydrophobic is disclosed. In one aspect, the composition includes a hydrophobic fluorinated solvent, a binder comprising a hydrophobic fluorinated polymer, and hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles. Also disclosed is a structure including a substrate coated with the composition, as well as a method for making the composition and a method of coating a substrate with the composition.

A coating that can be easily applied, clear, well-bonded, and superhydrophobic is disclosed. In one aspect, an article comprises a coating layer, the coating layer having an inward surface and an opposing outward surface, the inward surface disposed adjacent a substrate surface. The coating layer comprises a hydrophobic fluorinated polymer and a plurality of nanoparticles. The plurality of nanoparticles includes nanoparticles on the outward surface of the coating layer.

An article including a coating including a plurality of particles dispersed in a host material; and a plurality of optical elements embedded on a surface of the coating is disclosed. A method of making the coating, and the article is disclosed.

The present invention relates to silicon coated metal microparticles in which at least a part of a surface of a metal microparticle composed of at least one of metal elements or metalloid elements is coated with silicon, wherein the silicon coated metal microparticles are a product obtained by a reduction treatment of silicon compound coated precursor microparticles in which at least a part of a surface of a precursor microparticle containing a precursor of the metal microparticles is coated with a silicon compound, or silicon doped precursor microparticles containing a precursor of the metal microparticles. Because it is possible particularly to strictly control a particle diameter of the silicon compound coated metal microparticle by controlling conditions of the reduction treatment, design of a more appropriate composition can become facilitated, compared with a conventional composition, in terms of diversified usages and desired properties of silicon compound coated metal microparticles.