Luminescent greenhouse glazing structures are described wherein the glazing structures comprise: a glass pane for a greenhouse; and, one or more Eu.sup.2+ doped amorphous inorganic luminescent thin film layers provided over the glass pane, wherein the one or more Eu.sup.2+ doped amorphous inorganic luminescent layers comprise or consist essentially of the elements Al and/or Si and the elements O and/or N; and, wherein the Si concentration is selected between 0 and 45 at. %, the Al concentration between 0 and 50 at. %, the O concentration between 0 and 70 at. %, the N concentration between 0 and 60 at. % and the Eu.sup.2+ between 0.01 and 30 at. %.

Articles including a substrate, a cover glass layer disposed over a top surface of the substrate, and an adhesive layer having a dynamic elastic modulus disposed between a bottom surface of the cover glass layer and the top surface of the substrate. The cover glass layer may have a thickness in the range of 1 micron to 200 microns. The dynamic elastic modulus of the adhesive layer may include a first elastic modulus in the range of 10 kPa to 1000 kPa measured at a stress frequency in the range of 0 Hertz to 5 Hertz and a temperature of 23 degrees C., and a second elastic modulus of 500 MPa or more measured at a stress frequency in the range of 10 Hertz to 1000 Hertz and a temperature of 23 degrees C. The adhesive layer may be optically transparent. The articles may be bendable electronic display devices or bendable electronic display device modules.

An object of the present invention is to provide a laminate which has a substrate, an intermediate layer, and a water-repellent layer laminated in this order, and has excellent abrasion resistance. The present invention is a laminate comprising: a substrate (s) having an anti-reflection layer; an intermediate layer (c) placed on the anti-reflection layer side of the substrate; and a water-repellent layer (r), in this order, wherein the intermediate layer (c) is a cured layer of a mixture composition (cc) of an organosilicon compound (C), or a vapor deposition layer of the organosilicon compound (C), the organosilicon compound (C) contains a silicon atom together with an amino group and/or an amine skeleton, the water-repellent layer (r) is a cured layer of a mixture composition (ca) of an organosilicon compound (A) in which a monovalent group having a perfluoropolyether structure is bound to a silicon atom through a linking group or without a linking group located therebetween, and a hydrolyzable group is bound to the silicon atom through a linking group or without a linking group located therebetween, and the laminate satisfies the following requirement (1), (1) a water sliding angle is not larger than 50° after a abrasion resistance test in which a 200 g load per 1.5 cm×1.5 cm area is applied to a surface on the water-repellent layer (r) side of the laminate and the surface is rubbed 20,000 times.

A process comprises cold-forming a flat glass substrate into a non-planar shape using a die. The cold-formed glass substrate is bonded to a non-planar rigid support structure at a plurality of non-planar points using the die. Bonding methods include injection molding the non-planar rigid support structure, and direct bonding. An article is also provided, comprising a cold-formed glass substrate having opposing major surfaces and a curved shape, the opposing major surfaces comprising a surface stress that differ from one another. The cold-formed glass substrate is attached to a rigid support structure having the curved shape. The cold-formed glass substrate includes an open region not in direct contact with the non-planar rigid support structure, and the open region has a curved shape maintained by the non-planar rigid support structure.

A process comprises cold-forming a flat glass substrate into a non-planar shape using a die. The cold-formed glass substrate is bonded to a non-planar rigid support structure at a plurality of non-planar points using the die. Bonding methods include injection molding the non-planar rigid support structure, and direct bonding. An article is also provided, comprising a cold-formed glass substrate having opposing major surfaces and a curved shape, the opposing major surfaces comprising a surface stress that differ from one another. The cold-formed glass substrate is attached to a rigid support structure having the curved shape. The cold-formed glass substrate includes an open region not in direct contact with the non-planar rigid support structure, and the open region has a curved shape maintained by the non-planar rigid support structure.

The invention concerns a trim element for a motor vehicle comprising at least one glass sheet having an absorption coefficient lower than 5 m.sup.−1 in the wavelength range from 1051 nm to 1650 nm and having an external and an internal faces. According to the present invention, an infrared-based remote sensing device in the wavelength range from 1051 nm to 1650 nm, is placed behind the internal face of the glass sheet.

A method for applying a coating to a surface includes the step of providing a reaction mixture comprising a silicon alkoxide and an alcohol. A reaction limiting amount of water is added. The silicon alkoxides and water are allowed to react to form silica precursor particles during an initial reaction period. A coating precursor composition is prepared by adding an acid soluble in the alcohol to the reaction mixture during a second reaction period after the initial reaction period. The precursor silica particles grow to form silica nanofeatures having a major dimension that is larger than a major dimension of the silica precursor particles. The coating precursor composition is applied to a surface, and the alcohol and water are allowed to evaporate and the silica nanofeatures to adhere to the surface and form a nanostructured layer on the surface. A coating precursor composition and a coated article are also disclosed.

A thin-film coating applicator assembly is disclosed for coating substrates in outdoor applications. The innovative thin-film coating applicator assembly is adapted to apply performance enhancement coatings on installed photovoltaic panels and glass windows in outdoor environments. The coating applicator is adapted to move along a solar panel or glass pane while applicator mechanisms deposit a uniform layer of liquid coating solution to the substrate's surface. The applicator assembly comprises a conveyance means disposed on a frame. Further disclosed are innovative applicator heads that comprise a deformable sponge-like core surrounded by a microporous layer. The structure, when in contact with a substrate surface, deposits a uniform layer of coating solution over a large surface.

A glass substrate includes a first major surface, a second major surface, an end surface, a first boundary surface, a second boundary surface, and a bent portion in which the first major surface is bent so as to be concave and the second major surface is bent so as to be convex. The bent portion includes a portion in which a distance D.sub.1 from the end surface to the first major surface in a tangential direction, extending from the end surface toward the first major surface, of the glass substrate is longer than a distance D.sub.2 from the end surface to the second major surface in a tangential direction, extending from the end surface toward the second major surface, of the glass substrate. A difference between the distance D.sub.1 and the distance D.sub.2 is 50 μm or larger.

Provided are a laminate including: a glass substrate; a layer (ca) including a binder; a particle (a2) having an average primary particle diameter of 100 nm to 380 nm; and a layer (b) including a pressure sensitive adhesive, in which the layer (ca) is present on a side closer to the glass substrate than the layer (b), and the particle (a2) is buried in layers obtained by combining the layer (ca) and the layer (b) and protrudes from an interface of the layer (ca) on a side opposite to an interface of the layer (ca) on the glass substrate side, an antireflection product using the laminate, and a method of manufacturing the laminate and an antireflection product.