An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include 15 to 50 wt % of phosphorus pentoxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5); 5 to 20 wt % of one or more of lithium superoxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O); 1 to 5 wt % of one or more of sodium fluoride (NaF), calcium fluoride (CaF.sub.2), or aluminum fluoride (AlF.sub.3); 1 to 35 wt % of one or more of magnesium oxide (MgO), barium oxide (BaO), or calcium oxide (CaO); and 5 to 30 wt % of one or more of manganese dioxide (MnO.sub.2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), or nickel oxide (NiO). The enamel composition may be cleaned without being putting it into water.

A method for producing a reflector element and a reflector element are disclosed. In an embodiment the method includes depositing a layer sequence on a substrate, wherein the layer sequence includes at least one mirror layer and at least one reactive multilayer system and igniting the reactive multilayer system in order to activate heat input in the layer sequence.

The invention relates to a method, and to an associated apparatus, for treating a container (1) comprising a glass wall (2) defining a receiving cavity (3) for receiving a product, said glass wall (2) having an inner face (4) and an opposite outer face (5), said glass wall (2) being provided with a first coating that includes a solid residual compound resulting from a step of dealkalization of the glass in the vicinity of the surface of said inner face (4) of said glass wall (2) to which said container (1) had previously been subjected, said method comprising a step of spraying the surface of said glass wall (2) with droplets of a liquid, in order to form on said glass wall (2), starting from said first coating, a second coating which includes said residual compound and which is more transparent and/or more uniform than said first coating.Treatment of glass-walled containers.

A compounded polymer material that can be laser marked is provided. The compounded polymer material includes an enhancer of nitrides, carbides, silicides, or combinations thereof. Upon forming the compounded polymer material into an article and exposing it to laser radiation, the irradiated portion of the compounded polymer material absorbs the laser radiation, increases in temperature, and forms a mark in the article. A lightness value difference (L) between the mark and the non-irradiated portion of the article has an absolute value of at least 5, and the lightness value difference between the mark and the non-irradiated portion is greater than if the polymer material did not include the enhancer.

One or more aspects of the disclosure pertain to an article including a film disposed on a glass substrate, which may be strengthened, where the interface between the film and the glass substrate is modified, such that the article has an improved average flexural strength, and the film retains key functional properties for its application. Some key functional properties of the film include optical, electrical and/or mechanical properties. In one or more embodiments, the interface exhibits an effective adhesion energy of about less than about 4 J/m.sup.2. In some embodiments, the interface is modified by the inclusion of a crack mitigating layer containing an inorganic material between the glass substrate and the film.

A layered structure having high adhesive properties, and high hardness or excellent transparency, is prepared on a base material such as a resin. A layered structure including: an organic-inorganic hybrid member containing a primary inorganic particle and an organic polymer covalently bound to each other, wherein the primary inorganic particle forms a network containing the polymer; and a particle aggregate layer containing a secondary particle which is deposited on the organic-inorganic hybrid member and is composed of an inorganic material or a metallic material; wherein in the organic-inorganic hybrid member, the primary inorganic particle and the secondary particle have different crystal particle sizes.

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include 15 to 50 wt % of silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2); 1 to 10 wt % of boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3); 10 to 20 wt % of at least one of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O); 1 to 5 wt % of sodium fluoride (NaF); 1 to 10 wt % of zinc oxide (ZnO); and 20 to 50 wt % of at least one of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), molybdenum oxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2), manganese dioxide (MnO.sub.2), or Iron oxide (Fe.sub.2O.sub.3), which provides an enamel composition with a reduced cleaning time, and facilitates cleaning without soaking in water.

The invention relates to a method for decorating a hollow glass item (3), comprising the following steps: providing the item and placing it in contact with an electrical ground (21), spraying electrically charged dyeing powder (27) to produce a deposition (45) of the dyeing powder on a surface (9) of the provided item, the dyeing powder being attracted on the surface by electrostatic forces, and baking at least the surface of the item including said deposition at a baking temperature.

The invention also relates to a corresponding installation.

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include 15 to 50 wt % of silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2); 1 to 10 wt % of boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3); 10 to 20 wt % of at least one of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O); 1 to 5 wt % of sodium fluoride (NaF); 1 to 10 wt % of zinc oxide (ZnO); and 20 to 50 wt % of at least one of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), molybdenum oxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2), manganese dioxide (MnO.sub.2), or Iron oxide (Fe.sub.2O.sub.3), which provides an enamel composition with a reduced cleaning time, and facilitates cleaning without soaking in water.

Systems and methods of powder coating glass to block light are described herein. The method includes preheating a glass item and applying two or three coats of powder, alternating with heating at desired temperatures and/or for a set time. The glass article may be a glass window or a container for holding items that must be stored or transported without being exposed to light.