The object of the invention is a method for infiltrating a ceramic, artificial or natural stone surface, wherein a material forming a bond with valences on the surface is applied and mechanically rubbed onto the surface, whereby frictional heat is generated, wherein the material is used as a solution or suspension, and which comprises applying a hydrophobizing infiltration composition onto the surface to be coated, followed by rubbing it in until a homogeneous distribution and filling of the pores in the surface is achieved for improving the surface properties.

A layered structure for an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device, the layered structure including a light-transmissive substrate and an internal extraction layer formed on one side of the light-transmissive substrate, in which the internal extraction layer includes (1) a scattering area containing scattering elements composed of solid particles and pores, the solid particles having a density that decreases as it goes away from the interface with the light-transmissive substrate, and the pores having a density that increases as it goes away from the interface with the light-transmissive substrate, and (2) a free area where no scattering elements are present, formed from the surface of the internal extraction layer, which is opposite to the interface, to a predetermined depth.

A process that anneals a surface of a substrate bearing a coating includes running the substrate under a flash lamp emitting intense pulsed light and irradiating the coating with the pulsed light through a mask located between the flash lamp and the coating. A frequency of the flash lamp and a run speed of the substrate are adjusted so that each point of the coating to be annealed receives at least one light pulse. A distance between a lower face of the mask and the surface of the coating to be annealed is at most equal to 1 mm. A shape and extent of a slit in the mask are such that the mask occults the coating to be annealed in all zones where the light intensity that, in an absence of the mask, would arrive at the coating to be annealed is lower than a threshold light intensity.

A coated insulation material comprising an insulation material substrate and a coating on at least part of a surface of the insulation material substrate and wherein the coating comprises 20 to 65 wt % alkali silicate based on the total weight of the cured coating and the alkali silicate comprises potassium silicate. Also described is an aqueous coating composition useful in providing the insulation material coating, a potassium silicate coating, methods of producing the coated insulation material and potassium silicate coating and kit of parts including an insulation material substrate and either the aqueous coating composition or the potassium silicate coating.

A method of manufacturing a cover window for a display device includes: providing a glass substrate having a bendable area and a flat area; modifying the bendable area by irradiating the glass substrate with a beam; and etching the bendable area to have a thinner thickness than the flat area. The bendable area may have a faster etch rate than the flat area due to the modifying of the bendable area.

A microfabrication method is provided with which it is possible to easily form a fine periodic structure on a surface of any substrate. A glass precursor is applied to a substrate, and the glass precursor is irradiated with short-pulse laser light. By the irradiation with short-pulse laser light, the glass precursor is activated to undergo a thermal reaction, and a fine periodic structure can be easily formed on the surface. Furthermore, by oxidizing the substrate on which the fine periodic structure has been formed, the hue of the surface can be improved while maintaining the fine periodic structure.

The low-reflection coating of the present invention is adapted to be provided on at least one principal surface of a substrate. The low-reflection coating is a porous film having a thickness of 80 to 800 nm, the porous film including: fine silica particles being solid and spherical and having an average particle diameter of 80 to 600 nm; and a binder containing silica as a main component and containing a hydrophobic group, the fine silica particles being bound by the binder. The low-reflection coating contains 35 to 70 mass % of the fine silica particles, 25 to 64 mass % of the silica of the binder, and 0.2 to 10 mass % of the hydrophobic group of the binder. The low-reflection coating produces a transmittance gain of 1.5% or more when provided on the substrate.

A ceramic ink may include about 20% to 80% by weight oxide frit, wherein the oxide frit is particles of at least one compound selected from silica, titania, alumina, zirconia, a compound having fluoride ion, bismuth oxide, zinc oxide, boron oxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, lead oxide, lithium oxide, phosphorous oxide, molybdenum oxide, strontium oxide, and magnesium oxide; about 10% to 40% by weight infrared or near-infrared transmissive or reflective inorganic pigment; and about 10% to 40% vehicle.

Disclosed herein are sealed devices comprising a first substrate, a second substrate, an inorganic film between the first and second substrates, and at least one weld region comprising a bond between the first and second substrates. The weld region can comprise a chemical composition different from that of the inorganic film and the first or second substrates. The sealed devices may further comprise a stress region encompassing at least the weld region, in which a portion of the device is under a greater stress than the remaining portion of the device. Also disclosed herein are display and electronic components comprising such sealed devices.

Described are thermochromic materials. Described thermochromic materials include materials comprising vanadium (IV) oxide and a solid component obtained from a precursor having film-forming properties. Also described are preparation methods for thermochromic materials.