The present disclosure is directed to a method for forming calcined pozzolan that includes: performing a gravity separation on coal refuse to separate an organic component from an inorganic component including crystalline shale; and converting the crystalline shale to a calcined pozzolan. The present disclosure also directed to a calcined pozzolan, concrete, a method of producing concrete, and a method for cleaning a landfill site.

The present disclosure is directed to a method for forming calcined pozzolan that includes: performing a gravity separation on coal refuse to separate an organic component from an inorganic component including crystalline shale; and converting the crystalline shale to a calcined pozzolan. The present disclosure also directed to a calcined pozzolan, concrete, a method of producing concrete, and a method for cleaning a landfill site.

A system for making cementitious material, the system comprising: a raw material preparation subsystem; a raw material processing subsystem; a process atmosphere generation subsystem; and a reaction chamber subsystem. A method for making cementitious material, the method comprising: comminuting an input material; subjecting the input to a vapor-based synthesis; subjecting the input to a reaction atmosphere; producing an exhaust; processing the exhaust; and forming a carbonate product.

A system for making cementitious material, the system comprising: a raw material preparation subsystem; a raw material processing subsystem; a process atmosphere generation subsystem; and a reaction chamber subsystem. A method for making cementitious material, the method comprising: comminuting an input material; subjecting the input to a vapor-based synthesis; subjecting the input to a reaction atmosphere; producing an exhaust; processing the exhaust; and forming a carbonate product.

Various aspects relate to the production of precipitated calcium carbonate cement. Some aspects relate to a cementitious blend with at least one component being treated to reduce the surface area. In some aspects the treated component constitutes smaller size particles. In some aspects, heat treatment is used with a temperature range of 150-700 C. In some aspects, a seed is used to effect a transformation of calcium carbonate particles to calcite.

Various aspects relate to the production of precipitated calcium carbonate cement. Some aspects relate to a cementitious blend with at least one component being treated to reduce the surface area. In some aspects the treated component constitutes smaller size particles. In some aspects, heat treatment is used with a temperature range of 150-700 C. In some aspects, a seed is used to effect a transformation of calcium carbonate particles to calcite.