Proppant compositions for hydraulic fracturing that include Portland cement clinker are provided. A cement clinker proppant composition for hydraulic fracturing may include Portland cement clinker and another proppant. Another cement clinker proppant composition for hydraulic fracturing may include resin-coated Portland cement clinker and another proppant. Methods of hydraulic fracturing using the cement clinker proppant compositions and manufacturing the cement clinker proppant compositions are also provided.

Proppant compositions for hydraulic fracturing that include Portland cement clinker are provided. A cement clinker proppant composition for hydraulic fracturing may include Portland cement clinker and another proppant. Another cement clinker proppant composition for hydraulic fracturing may include resin-coated Portland cement clinker and another proppant. Methods of hydraulic fracturing using the cement clinker proppant compositions and manufacturing the cement clinker proppant compositions are also provided.

Portland cement has high embodied energy and embodied carbon associated with its manufacture. In many construction applications, the need for concrete and mortar abrasion resistance requires the consumption of significantly higher amounts of Portland cement for higher concrete and mortar compressive strength. The invention comprises a new method for producing a chemically inert, low embodied energy and carbon mineral additive, with specific hardness and particle size, during Portland cement manufacturing that replaces a significant portion of the Portland cement by mass in the final composition. Alternatively, the mineral additive is produced separately and combined with Portland cement. The resulting mineral additive Portland cement composition has significantly lower embodied energy and carbon and imparts significantly higher abrasion resistance to concrete and mortar.

Portland cement has high embodied energy and embodied carbon associated with its manufacture. In many construction applications, the need for concrete and mortar abrasion resistance requires the consumption of significantly higher amounts of Portland cement for higher concrete and mortar compressive strength. The invention comprises a new method for producing a chemically inert, low embodied energy and carbon mineral additive, with specific hardness and particle size, during Portland cement manufacturing that replaces a significant portion of the Portland cement by mass in the final composition. Alternatively, the mineral additive is produced separately and combined with Portland cement. The resulting mineral additive Portland cement composition has significantly lower embodied energy and carbon and imparts significantly higher abrasion resistance to concrete and mortar.

Proppant compositions for hydraulic fracturing that include Portland cement clinker are provided. A cement clinker proppant composition for hydraulic fracturing may include Portland cement clinker and another proppant. Another cement clinker proppant composition for hydraulic fracturing may include resin-coated Portland cement clinker and another proppant. Methods of hydraulic fracturing using the cement clinker proppant compositions and manufacturing the cement clinker proppant compositions are also provided.

Proppant compositions for hydraulic fracturing that include Portland cement clinker are provided. A cement clinker proppant composition for hydraulic fracturing may include Portland cement clinker and another proppant. Another cement clinker proppant composition for hydraulic fracturing may include resin-coated Portland cement clinker and another proppant. Methods of hydraulic fracturing using the cement clinker proppant compositions and manufacturing the cement clinker proppant compositions are also provided.

The present invention pertains to a method for manufacturing cement, wherein the gypsum is first calcined separately before being inter-grinded with the clinker so as to minimize the release of water of crystallization of during the inter-grinding stage. The method produces cement of high strength at all ages, better rheology, enables higher use of fly ash, and reduces CO.sub.2 emission during manufacturing.

The present invention pertains to a method for manufacturing cement, wherein the gypsum is first calcined separately before being inter-grinded with the clinker so as to minimize the release of water of crystallization of during the inter-grinding stage. The method produces cement of high strength at all ages, better rheology, enables higher use of fly ash, and reduces CO.sub.2 emission during manufacturing.

A process for synthesis of a waste-derived CO.sub.2-activated clinker, which comprises firing nodules at temperatures between 1000-1100 C. for a time sufficient to obtain CO.sub.2-reactive clinker phases within the nodules, cooling the clinker nodules, and reducing to powder to obtain a clinker powder; wherein the nodules are agglomerates of a stoichiometric mix of uniformly-sized powders of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration residues; wherein the stoichiometric mix respects the primary compositional requisite of containing Ca, Al, and Si in their oxide forms within the ranges of 35-45 wt. % CaO, 2-8 wt. % AI.sub.2O.sub.3, and 12-20 wt. % SiO.sub.2; wherein the fmal stoichiometric mix has a total-sulfur content of 1 to 10 wt. %, total-carbon content of 2 to 20 wt. %, and a total-chlorine content of 2 to 15 wt. %.

A process for synthesis of a waste-derived CO.sub.2-activated clinker, which comprises firing nodules at temperatures between 1000-1100 C. for a time sufficient to obtain CO.sub.2-reactive clinker phases within the nodules, cooling the clinker nodules, and reducing to powder to obtain a clinker powder; wherein the nodules are agglomerates of a stoichiometric mix of uniformly-sized powders of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration residues; wherein the stoichiometric mix respects the primary compositional requisite of containing Ca, Al, and Si in their oxide forms within the ranges of 35-45 wt. % CaO, 2-8 wt. % AI.sub.2O.sub.3, and 12-20 wt. % SiO.sub.2; wherein the fmal stoichiometric mix has a total-sulfur content of 1 to 10 wt. %, total-carbon content of 2 to 20 wt. %, and a total-chlorine content of 2 to 15 wt. %.