A mortar for formation of a masonry element includes a co-product from the production of steel and an alkaline solution. A masonry element is formed from the mortar, the masonry element including at least one of a brick, a block, a paver, veneer stone, exterior or interior wall panels, roof tiles, faux slate, faux wood, decorative stone, and a poured structure. A method of forming a masonry element includes providing the mortar and compressing the mortar to form the masonry element.

A synergistic disposal method of hazardous waste incineration residues and solid wastes, ceramsite and an application thereof, all belonging to the field of resources and environment. The disposal method includes the following steps: mixing of the hazardous waste incineration residues and solid wastes, granulation and dehydration of the resulting mixture and calcination to obtain ceramsite. In the preparation of ceramsite by the synergistic disposal of hazardous waste incineration residues and solid wastes as the raw materials, dioxin and organic matters in the hazardous waste incineration residues and solid wastes are decomposed, meanwhile the contained heavy metals are reduced and solidified, solving the disposal problem of hazardous waste incineration residues and solid wastes, saving a lot of land for landfills, decreasing the cost for comprehensive disposal, not producing new hazardous wastes, and reducing the burden of ecological environment.

A synergistic disposal method of hazardous waste incineration residues and solid wastes, ceramsite and an application thereof, all belonging to the field of resources and environment. The disposal method includes the following steps: mixing of the hazardous waste incineration residues and solid wastes, granulation and dehydration of the resulting mixture and calcination to obtain ceramsite. In the preparation of ceramsite by the synergistic disposal of hazardous waste incineration residues and solid wastes as the raw materials, dioxin and organic matters in the hazardous waste incineration residues and solid wastes are decomposed, meanwhile the contained heavy metals are reduced and solidified, solving the disposal problem of hazardous waste incineration residues and solid wastes, saving a lot of land for landfills, decreasing the cost for comprehensive disposal, not producing new hazardous wastes, and reducing the burden of ecological environment.

The present invention relates to fabricating lightweight ceramic sand as a building and construction material. More specifically it relates to a novel process of manufacturing sintered synthetic lightweight ceramic sand particulates directly from pond ash and fly ash as a secondary raw material. The said synthetic lightweight ceramic sand can be used as a building material. The novel feature of the invention is to manufacture low cost lightweight sand at high throughput to compete against the fast depleting natural sand and crushed stones.

The present invention relates to fabricating lightweight ceramic sand as a building and construction material. More specifically it relates to a novel process of manufacturing sintered synthetic lightweight ceramic sand particulates directly from pond ash and fly ash as a secondary raw material. The said synthetic lightweight ceramic sand can be used as a building material. The novel feature of the invention is to manufacture low cost lightweight sand at high throughput to compete against the fast depleting natural sand and crushed stones.

Base grains intended to be assembled together to form granules for a composition of construction materials useful in the field of building, public works and civil engineering, characterised in that each base grain consists of a core formed by an agglomerate of fragments of compressed waste and associated with each other by a micro-concrete with a carbonated hydraulic binder which has undergone hydraulic setting, the core being enclosed in a shell formed by a reactive powder micro-concrete (RPMC) which has undergone hydraulic setting.

Base grains intended to be assembled together to form granules for a composition of construction materials useful in the field of building, public works and civil engineering, characterised in that each base grain consists of a core formed by an agglomerate of fragments of compressed waste and associated with each other by a micro-concrete with a carbonated hydraulic binder which has undergone hydraulic setting, the core being enclosed in a shell formed by a reactive powder micro-concrete (RPMC) which has undergone hydraulic setting.

The present invention describes a method for manufacturing of a composite fixated material comprising the steps of: (a) providing bottom oil shale ash obtained after burning oil shale, said bottom oil shale (BOSA) comprises pozzolanic particles having size of about 10 to 4000 μm and being capable of adsorbing trace elements at their surface; (b) providing acidic waste comprising said trace elements; and (c) adding the BOSA provided in step (a) to the acidic waste provided in step (b) in amount of about 0.1-0.4 weight parts of said BOSA per one weight part of said waste, and mixing said waste with said BOSA, thereby obtaining a neutralised (scrubbed) precipitate with the fixated trace elements, wherein said neutralised (scrubbed) precipitate with the fixated trace elements constitutes said composite fixated material.

The present invention describes a method for manufacturing of a composite fixated material comprising the steps of: (a) providing bottom oil shale ash obtained after burning oil shale, said bottom oil shale (BOSA) comprises pozzolanic particles having size of about 10 to 4000 μm and being capable of adsorbing trace elements at their surface; (b) providing acidic waste comprising said trace elements; and (c) adding the BOSA provided in step (a) to the acidic waste provided in step (b) in amount of about 0.1-0.4 weight parts of said BOSA per one weight part of said waste, and mixing said waste with said BOSA, thereby obtaining a neutralised (scrubbed) precipitate with the fixated trace elements, wherein said neutralised (scrubbed) precipitate with the fixated trace elements constitutes said composite fixated material.

A combination desalination, hydroelectric power, and salt production system is described and the related methods. The comprehensive design solves problems and provides economic solutions to problems for arid regions. The system may comprise one of evaporating water from the concentrated brine water to precipitate salt, applying the concentrated brine water for agriculture, filling a recreational or therapeutic pools, mixing the concentrated brine water with gypsum to produce a masonry product, mixing the salt with cement to form a masonry product, mixing the salt with plastic, for example.