An apparatus for thermally treating mineral solids includes a preheater, a separating apparatus arranged at an outlet of an entrained flow reactor, and a thermal treatment zone at an outlet of a gas stream of the separating apparatus, with an outlet of the treatment zone being connected to an inlet of the preheater for the gas stream. A process may involve preheating a mineral material, thermally treating the mineral material in an entrained flow reactor in a reducing atmosphere for reducing coloring metal compounds, separating a solid/gas mixture from the entrained flow reactor in a separating apparatus, oxidizing reducing constituents of a gas from the separating apparatus in a thermal treatment zone between the separating apparatus and the preheater via supplied oxygen, and supplying gas emerging from the thermal treatment zone to the preheater and thereby utilizing thermal energy recovered in the thermal treatment zone by transfer to mineral material

The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of construction aggregates using incineration ash, in which aggregates for construction, such as gravel or sand are manufactured using incineration ashes produced during the incineration process of household waste, food waste, sewage waste, construction and industrial waste, etc. while realizing eco-friendly manufacturing environments, reducing costs through successive steps and reducing and discharging harmful gases produced during firing.

The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of construction aggregates using incineration ash, in which aggregates for construction, such as gravel or sand are manufactured using incineration ashes produced during the incineration process of household waste, food waste, sewage waste, construction and industrial waste, etc. while realizing eco-friendly manufacturing environments, reducing costs through successive steps and reducing and discharging harmful gases produced during firing.

Described are cementitious reagent materials produced from globally abundant inorganic feedstocks. Also described are methods for the manufacture of such cementitious reagent materials and forming the reagent materials as microspheroidal glassy particles. Also described are apparatuses, systems and methods for the thermochemical production of glassy cementitious reagents with spheroidal morphology. The apparatuses, systems and methods make use of an in-flight melting/quenching technology such that solid particles are flown in suspension, melted in suspension, and then quenched in suspension. The cementitious reagents can be used in concrete to substantially reduce the CO.sub.2 emission associated with cement production.

Described are cementitious reagent materials produced from globally abundant inorganic feedstocks. Also described are methods for the manufacture of such cementitious reagent materials and forming the reagent materials as microspheroidal glassy particles. Also described are apparatuses, systems and methods for the thermochemical production of glassy cementitious reagents with spheroidal morphology. The apparatuses, systems and methods make use of an in-flight melting/quenching technology such that solid particles are flown in suspension, melted in suspension, and then quenched in suspension. The cementitious reagents can be used in concrete to substantially reduce the CO.sub.2 emission associated with cement production.

An ultra-white granular silica-based filler comprises at least 99.5 wt. % silica, wherein the crystal structure of the silica is such that the silica-based filler comprises 40 to 80 wt. % cristobalite, 1 to 25 wt. % tridymite, 2-60 wt. % quartz and <5 wt. % amorphous silica, wherein the temperature of the ultra-white granular silica-based filler is no higher than 50° C. and further wherein the ultra-white granular silica-based filler exhibits an L* value in the CIELAB color space of 95-98. In addition, an ultra-white powder filler is obtained by milling, grinding or comminuting the ultra-white granular silica-based filler. The ultra-white powder filler exhibits an L* value in the CIELAB color space of 95-98.5.

An ultra-white granular silica-based filler comprises at least 99.5 wt. % silica, wherein the crystal structure of the silica is such that the silica-based filler comprises 40 to 80 wt. % cristobalite, 1 to 25 wt. % tridymite, 2-60 wt. % quartz and <5 wt. % amorphous silica, wherein the temperature of the ultra-white granular silica-based filler is no higher than 50° C. and further wherein the ultra-white granular silica-based filler exhibits an L* value in the CIELAB color space of 95-98. In addition, an ultra-white powder filler is obtained by milling, grinding or comminuting the ultra-white granular silica-based filler. The ultra-white powder filler exhibits an L* value in the CIELAB color space of 95-98.5.

Method for the production of granulate materials designed to be used for manufacturing articles in slab or block form from a mixture. The method comprises the steps of a) melting a mixture of selected minerals having a specific chemical composition for obtaining a casting of molten material, c) cooling the cast material until a predetermined temperature is reached and d) crushing and/or grinding the material to obtain granules having a selected grain size and suitable for use respectively as aggregates or fillers in the mixture for manufacture of the articles. Moreover, the method comprises, downstream of the melting and casting step a), a step b) of keeping the molten and cooled material at a temperature of between 1030-1170° C. for a predetermined time period of at least 15 minutes. The granulate materials thus obtained have a content of silicon dioxide in crystalline form of less than 1%. The invention also relates to a plant for the production of granulate materials suitable for use as aggregates or fillers for the manufacture of articles in slab or block form.

Method for the production of granulate materials designed to be used for manufacturing articles in slab or block form from a mixture. The method comprises the steps of a) melting a mixture of selected minerals having a specific chemical composition for obtaining a casting of molten material, c) cooling the cast material until a predetermined temperature is reached and d) crushing and/or grinding the material to obtain granules having a selected grain size and suitable for use respectively as aggregates or fillers in the mixture for manufacture of the articles. Moreover, the method comprises, downstream of the melting and casting step a), a step b) of keeping the molten and cooled material at a temperature of between 1030-1170° C. for a predetermined time period of at least 15 minutes. The granulate materials thus obtained have a content of silicon dioxide in crystalline form of less than 1%. The invention also relates to a plant for the production of granulate materials suitable for use as aggregates or fillers for the manufacture of articles in slab or block form.

Described are cementitious reagent materials produced from globally abundant inorganic feedstocks. Also described are methods for the manufacture of such cementitious reagent materials and forming the reagent materials as microspheroidal glassy particles. Also described are apparatuses, systems and methods for the thermochemical production of glassy cementitious reagents with spheroidal morphology. The apparatuses, systems and methods make use of an in-flight melting/quenching technology such that solid particles are flown in suspension, melted in suspension, and then quenched in suspension. The cementitious reagents can be used in concrete to substantially reduce the CO.sub.2 emission associated with cement production.