An insulating core material for a refrigerating appliance includes a plurality of insulating glass spheres, wherein a plurality of interstitial spaces are defined between at least a portion of the insulating glass spheres of the plurality of glass spheres. A coating material is applied at least to the outer surface of the insulating glass spheres, wherein the coating material modifies the outer surface to define a retaining outer surface of each insulating glass sphere of the plurality of glass spheres. A secondary insulating material is combined with the plurality of insulating glass spheres, wherein the secondary insulating material is at least partially retained by the retaining outer surfaces of the insulating glass spheres to occupy the plurality of interstitial spaces.

An insulating core material for a refrigerating appliance includes a plurality of insulating glass spheres, wherein a plurality of interstitial spaces are defined between at least a portion of the insulating glass spheres of the plurality of glass spheres. A coating material is applied at least to the outer surface of the insulating glass spheres, wherein the coating material modifies the outer surface to define a retaining outer surface of each insulating glass sphere of the plurality of glass spheres. A secondary insulating material is combined with the plurality of insulating glass spheres, wherein the secondary insulating material is at least partially retained by the retaining outer surfaces of the insulating glass spheres to occupy the plurality of interstitial spaces.

The invention is directed to kits, compositions, tools and methods comprising a cyclic industrial process to form biocement. In particular, the invention is directed to materials and methods for decomposing calcium carbonate into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide at an elevated temperature, reacting calcium oxide with ammonium chloride to form calcium chloride, water, and ammonia gas; and reacting ammonia gas and carbon dioxide at high pressure to form urea and water, which are then utilized to form biocement. This cyclic process can be achieved by combining industrial processes with the resulting product as biocement. The process may involve retention of calcium carbonate currently utilized in the manufacture of Portland Cement.

The invention is directed to kits, compositions, tools and methods comprising a cyclic industrial process to form biocement. In particular, the invention is directed to materials and methods for decomposing calcium carbonate into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide at an elevated temperature, reacting calcium oxide with ammonium chloride to form calcium chloride, water, and ammonia gas; and reacting ammonia gas and carbon dioxide at high pressure to form urea and water, which are then utilized to form biocement. This cyclic process can be achieved by combining industrial processes with the resulting product as biocement. The process may involve retention of calcium carbonate currently utilized in the manufacture of Portland Cement.

The invention relates to a composition which contains modified chromate-deficient red mud, comprising a mineral composition of10 to 50 wt. % of iron compounds,12 to 35 wt. % of aluminum compounds,5 to 17 wt. % of silicon compounds,2 to 10 wt. % of titanium dioxide,0.5 to 6 wt. % of calcium compounds,0 to 1 ppm of chromium (VI) compounds, andoptionally additional unavoidable impurities. The composition, in particular the modified chromate-deficient red mud, contains a poorly soluble reducing agent for Cr(VI). In this manner, an inexpensive chemical composition is provided in particular as an iteratively functioning long-term adsorbent for pollutants in liquid, gaseous, and solid milieu. The invention further relates to a method for producing same and to uses thereof.

The invention relates to a composition which contains modified chromate-deficient red mud, comprising a mineral composition of10 to 50 wt. % of iron compounds,12 to 35 wt. % of aluminum compounds,5 to 17 wt. % of silicon compounds,2 to 10 wt. % of titanium dioxide,0.5 to 6 wt. % of calcium compounds,0 to 1 ppm of chromium (VI) compounds, andoptionally additional unavoidable impurities. The composition, in particular the modified chromate-deficient red mud, contains a poorly soluble reducing agent for Cr(VI). In this manner, an inexpensive chemical composition is provided in particular as an iteratively functioning long-term adsorbent for pollutants in liquid, gaseous, and solid milieu. The invention further relates to a method for producing same and to uses thereof.

A method can include: hot milling a mixture comprising calcium sulfate dihydrate and about 5% to about 25% sucrose by weight of the calcium sulfate dihydrate at a temperature of about 150 F. (66 C.) to about 250 F. (121 C.) to produce a climate stabilizing accelerator (CSA). The CSA produced from this method is dispersed in water and optionally aged for at least 1 minute before use in forming gypsum-fiber composite boards.

A method can include: hot milling a mixture comprising calcium sulfate dihydrate and about 5% to about 25% sucrose by weight of the calcium sulfate dihydrate at a temperature of about 150 F. (66 C.) to about 250 F. (121 C.) to produce a climate stabilizing accelerator (CSA). The CSA produced from this method is dispersed in water and optionally aged for at least 1 minute before use in forming gypsum-fiber composite boards.

A wellbore cement composition includes substantially unhydrated cement powder and additive powder for cement. The additive powder is formulated from ingredients including a liquid additive for cement and solid carrier particles. The liquid additive is absorbed by the solid carrier particles. A wellbore cementing method includes using a dry cement composition, adding water to the dry cement composition, forming a cement slurry, placing the slurry in a wellbore, and setting the placed slurry. The dry cement composition contains substantially unhydrated cement powder and retarder powder for cement. The retarder powder contains a retarder absorbed by solid carrier particles.

A wellbore cement composition includes substantially unhydrated cement powder and additive powder for cement. The additive powder is formulated from ingredients including a liquid additive for cement and solid carrier particles. The liquid additive is absorbed by the solid carrier particles. A wellbore cementing method includes using a dry cement composition, adding water to the dry cement composition, forming a cement slurry, placing the slurry in a wellbore, and setting the placed slurry. The dry cement composition contains substantially unhydrated cement powder and retarder powder for cement. The retarder powder contains a retarder absorbed by solid carrier particles.