In some variations, the disclosure provides a renewable biocarbon composition comprising from 50 wt% to 99 wt% total carbon, wherein the biocarbon composition is characterized by a base-acid ratio selected from 0.1 to 10, an iron-calcium ratio selected from 0.05 to 5, iron-plus-calcium parameter selected from 5 to 50 wt%, a slagging factor selected from 0.001 to 1, and/or a fouling factor or modified fouling factor selected from 0.1 to 10. Some variations provide a process comprising: providing a biomass feedstock; pyrolyzing the biomass feedstock to generate an intermediate biocarbon stream; washing or treating the intermediate biocarbon stream with an acid, a base, a salt, a metal, H.sub.2, H.sub.2O, CO, CO.sub.2, or a combination thereof, and/or introducing an additive in the process, to adjust a base-acid ratio or other compositional parameter; and recovering a biocarbon composition comprising from 50 wt% to 99 wt% total carbon and optimized for a compositional parameter.

The invention provides novel methods and novel additive compositions and use thereof in a wide range of concrete production for improving properties of concrete materials, such as durability and aestheticity. The methods and compositions of the invention may be applied in a variety of cement and concrete components in the infrastructure, construction, pavement and landscaping industries.

The invention provides novel methods and novel additive compositions and use thereof in a wide range of concrete production for improving properties of concrete materials, such as durability and aestheticity. The methods and compositions of the invention may be applied in a variety of cement and concrete components in the infrastructure, construction, pavement and landscaping industries.

Processes are disclosed for producing gypsum-based products from a gypsum slurry. Additives or combinations of additives for improving compressive strength, fluidity and/or set time of the gypsum product are mixed in intimate contact with raw gypsum prior to or during grinding and/or flash calcination to form stucco. The stucco is used to prepare a gypsum slurry which is shaped and sets to form the gypsum product.

Processes are disclosed for producing gypsum-based products from a gypsum slurry. Additives or combinations of additives for improving compressive strength, fluidity and/or set time of the gypsum product are mixed in intimate contact with raw gypsum prior to or during grinding and/or flash calcination to form stucco. The stucco is used to prepare a gypsum slurry which is shaped and sets to form the gypsum product.

A fire-proof insulation material, in particular a fire-proof insulation material, which is composed of a harden-able compound which contains 19 to 40 wt % of porous glass balls, 60 to 81 wt % of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate having a density in the range of 1370 to 1400 kg/m.sup.3 and a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2O in the range of 3.2 to 3.4, and 0.1 to 1 wt % water glass binder stabiliser, while further containing 2 to 10 wt % of chopped basalt fibre, and the surface of the porous glass balls having a diameter of 0.3 to 1 mm is provided with carbon black, the carbon black constituting 0.1 to 0.9 wt % of total weight. A method for producing a fire-proof insulating material, in particular a method for producing a fire-proof insulation material, according to which firstly the porous glass balls are mixed with an aqueous carbon black solution so that their entire surface is coated with carbon black, then the porous balls with carbon black are mixed with chopped basalt fibre and mixed to form an insulation compound, and a water glass stabiliser is added to the aqueous sodium silicate solution and then a hardener is added to this solution, then the solution is stirred for 1 to 10 minutes to form a binder solution, and then the thermal insulation compound is poured into the binder solution while constantly stirring, and the whole is mixed, and then the resulting mixture is poured into the application site.

A fire-proof insulation material, in particular a fire-proof insulation material, which is composed of a harden-able compound which contains 19 to 40 wt % of porous glass balls, 60 to 81 wt % of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate having a density in the range of 1370 to 1400 kg/m.sup.3 and a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2O in the range of 3.2 to 3.4, and 0.1 to 1 wt % water glass binder stabiliser, while further containing 2 to 10 wt % of chopped basalt fibre, and the surface of the porous glass balls having a diameter of 0.3 to 1 mm is provided with carbon black, the carbon black constituting 0.1 to 0.9 wt % of total weight. A method for producing a fire-proof insulating material, in particular a method for producing a fire-proof insulation material, according to which firstly the porous glass balls are mixed with an aqueous carbon black solution so that their entire surface is coated with carbon black, then the porous balls with carbon black are mixed with chopped basalt fibre and mixed to form an insulation compound, and a water glass stabiliser is added to the aqueous sodium silicate solution and then a hardener is added to this solution, then the solution is stirred for 1 to 10 minutes to form a binder solution, and then the thermal insulation compound is poured into the binder solution while constantly stirring, and the whole is mixed, and then the resulting mixture is poured into the application site.

The present invention relates to an additive for hydraulically setting compositions comprising a colloidally disperse preparation comprising at least one salt of a polyvalent metal cation with at least one organic phosphonate and/or phosphate compound as anion and at least one polymeric dispersant comprising anionic and/or anionogenic groups and polyether side chains. The additive is especially suitable as slump retainer and for improving early strength.

The present invention relates to an additive for hydraulically setting compositions comprising a colloidally disperse preparation comprising at least one salt of a polyvalent metal cation with at least one organic phosphonate and/or phosphate compound as anion and at least one polymeric dispersant comprising anionic and/or anionogenic groups and polyether side chains. The additive is especially suitable as slump retainer and for improving early strength.

The present application relates to an additive component comprising a component A and a component B, wherein component A comprises at least one hardening retarder selected from glyoxylic acid, salts thereof, condensation or addition products of glyoxylic acid or salts thereof, and mixtures thereof, and component B comprises at least one hardening accelerator selected from calcium-silicate-hydrate, calcium formate, calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, ground gypsum, and combinations thereof, in 3D printing of a construction material composition.