Provided herein are antimicrobial coating compositions and food packaging materials coated therewith. The coating compositions include at least one antimicrobial active agent and a hydrophilic polymer, such that the active agent is immobilized within the composition.

Provided herein are antimicrobial coating compositions and food packaging materials coated therewith. The coating compositions include at least one antimicrobial active agent and a hydrophilic polymer, such that the active agent is immobilized within the composition.

The present invention provides a compound that have excellent harmful arthropod controlling effects, the compounds being represented by formula (I) [wherein Q represents a group represented by formula Q1 or the like, Z represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, A.sup.1 represents a nitrogen atom or CR.sup.6a, A.sup.2 represents a nitrogen atom or CR.sup.6b, A.sup.3 represents a nitrogen atom or CR.sup.6c, A.sup.4 represents CR.sup.1a or the like, A.sup.5 represents a nitrogen atom or CR.sup.6e or the like, A.sup.6 represents a nitrogen atom or CR.sup.6f, R.sup.6a represents a hydrogen atom or the like, R.sup.6b represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group or the like, R.sup.6c, R.sup.6e, R.sup.6f are identical to or different from each other, and each represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group or the like, R.sup.1a represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group or the like, R.sup.2 represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group or the like, R.sup.3 represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group or the like, and n is 0, 1 or 2] or its N oxide compound. ##STR00001##

The present invention provides a compound that have excellent harmful arthropod controlling effects, the compounds being represented by formula (I) [wherein Q represents a group represented by formula Q1 or the like, Z represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, A.sup.1 represents a nitrogen atom or CR.sup.6a, A.sup.2 represents a nitrogen atom or CR.sup.6b, A.sup.3 represents a nitrogen atom or CR.sup.6c, A.sup.4 represents CR.sup.1a or the like, A.sup.5 represents a nitrogen atom or CR.sup.6e or the like, A.sup.6 represents a nitrogen atom or CR.sup.6f, R.sup.6a represents a hydrogen atom or the like, R.sup.6b represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group or the like, R.sup.6c, R.sup.6e, R.sup.6f are identical to or different from each other, and each represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group or the like, R.sup.1a represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group or the like, R.sup.2 represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group or the like, R.sup.3 represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group or the like, and n is 0, 1 or 2] or its N oxide compound. ##STR00001##

Provided is a process for the formation of nitrated compounds by the nitration of hydrocarbon compounds with dilute nitric acid. Also provided are processes for preparing industrially useful downstream derivatives of the nitrated compounds, as well as novel nitrated compounds and derivatives, and methods of using the derivatives in various applications.

Provided is a process for the formation of nitrated compounds by the nitration of hydrocarbon compounds with dilute nitric acid. Also provided are processes for preparing industrially useful downstream derivatives of the nitrated compounds, as well as novel nitrated compounds and derivatives, and methods of using the derivatives in various applications.

The present invention relates to substituted pyrimidinium compounds of formula (I), to the stereoisomers, salts, tautomers and N-oxides thereof and to compositions comprising such compounds. The invention also relates to methods and uses of these substituted pyrimidinium compounds and of compositions thereof, for combating and controlling animal pests. Furthermore the invention relates also to pesticidal methods of applying such substituted pyrimidinium compounds. The substituted pyrimidinium compounds of the present invention are defined by the following general formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein X, Y, Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A and R.sup.3 are defined as in the description.

The present invention relates to substituted pyrimidinium compounds of formula (I), to the stereoisomers, salts, tautomers and N-oxides thereof and to compositions comprising such compounds. The invention also relates to methods and uses of these substituted pyrimidinium compounds and of compositions thereof, for combating and controlling animal pests. Furthermore the invention relates also to pesticidal methods of applying such substituted pyrimidinium compounds. The substituted pyrimidinium compounds of the present invention are defined by the following general formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein X, Y, Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A and R.sup.3 are defined as in the description.

The present invention relates to substituted pyrimidinium compounds of formula (I), to the stereoisomers, salts, tautomers and N-oxides thereof and to compositions comprising such compounds. The invention also relates to methods and uses of these substituted pyrimidinium compounds and of compositions thereof, for combating and controlling animal pests. Furthermore the invention relates also to pesticidal methods of applying such substituted pyrimidinium compounds. The substituted pyrimidinium compounds of the present invention are defined by the following general formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein X, Y, Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A and R.sup.3 are defined as in the description.

The invention relates to a compound of formula (I), wherein the variables are defined in the specification. It also relates to a pesticidal mixture comprising the compound of formula (I); the use of compounds of formula (I) as an agrochemical pesticide; a method for combating or controlling invertebrate pests, a method for protecting growing plants from attack or infestation by invertebrate pests, seed comprising a compound of the formula (I); the use of a compound of the formula (I) for protecting growing plants from attack or infestation by invertebrate pests; and a method for treating or protecting an animal from infestation or infection by invertebrate pests.

##STR00001##