The product is produced from a settable aqueous calcium sulphate dispersion which has a water to solids ratio of less than 0.4 to 1, and has distributed therethrough lightweight hollow bodies having water-impervious surfaces (such as expanded polystyrene beads). The dispersion contains a hydratable cement (such as calcium sulpho aluminate) which is capable of hydration in the presence of the calcium sulphate dispersion. The hydratable cement is such that it reacts with excess water in the dispersion thereby enhancing the water resistance of the resulting product.

The product is produced from a settable aqueous calcium sulphate dispersion which has a water to solids ratio of less than 0.4 to 1, and has distributed therethrough lightweight hollow bodies having water-impervious surfaces (such as expanded polystyrene beads). The dispersion contains a hydratable cement (such as calcium sulpho aluminate) which is capable of hydration in the presence of the calcium sulphate dispersion. The hydratable cement is such that it reacts with excess water in the dispersion thereby enhancing the water resistance of the resulting product.

Hardenable inorganic systems such as cements, plasters, ceramics or liquid silicates, usable for example in the building trade, construction industry or oil drilling industry. The insertion of carbonaceous nanofillers, such as carbon nanotubes, for reinforcing mechanical properties and improving such systems. A method for producing a master mixture including at least one superplasticiser and carbonaceous nanofillers at a mass ratio of between 0.1% and 25%, preferably between 0.2% and 20%, in relation to the total weight of the master mixture, and also to said master mixture thus obtained and to the use thereof in a hardenable inorganic system with a view to producing materials with improved properties. The disclosure applies to the construction industry, the building trade and the oil drilling industry.

Hardenable inorganic systems such as cements, plasters, ceramics or liquid silicates, usable for example in the building trade, construction industry or oil drilling industry. The insertion of carbonaceous nanofillers, such as carbon nanotubes, for reinforcing mechanical properties and improving such systems. A method for producing a master mixture including at least one superplasticiser and carbonaceous nanofillers at a mass ratio of between 0.1% and 25%, preferably between 0.2% and 20%, in relation to the total weight of the master mixture, and also to said master mixture thus obtained and to the use thereof in a hardenable inorganic system with a view to producing materials with improved properties. The disclosure applies to the construction industry, the building trade and the oil drilling industry.

Cement compositions and processes for reducing air entrainment in a cement composition generally include mixing a hydraulic cement with a defoamer compositions including one or more organic acid ester polymers selected from an organic acid ester of polyethylene oxide polymer, an organic acid ester of polypropylene oxide polymer, and a mixture thereof. The compositions may further comprise an organic acid ester of an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer.

Cement compositions and processes for reducing air entrainment in a cement composition generally include mixing a hydraulic cement with a defoamer compositions including one or more organic acid ester polymers selected from an organic acid ester of polyethylene oxide polymer, an organic acid ester of polypropylene oxide polymer, and a mixture thereof. The compositions may further comprise an organic acid ester of an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer.

A process for hydrophobization of concrete or mortar using an aqueous dispersion containing an alkylketene dimer, at least one emulsifier and a condensation product of phenol sulfonic acid and formaldehyde, naphthalene sulfonic acid and formaldehyde, or naphthalene sulfonic acid, phenol, formaldehyde and urea; and the concrete or mortar obtainable by the process. The process allows effective mass and surface hydrophobization of concrete.

A process for hydrophobization of concrete or mortar using an aqueous dispersion containing an alkylketene dimer, at least one emulsifier and a condensation product of phenol sulfonic acid and formaldehyde, naphthalene sulfonic acid and formaldehyde, or naphthalene sulfonic acid, phenol, formaldehyde and urea; and the concrete or mortar obtainable by the process. The process allows effective mass and surface hydrophobization of concrete.

Drilling fluid compositions include a base fluid, at least one additive chosen from an emulsifier, weighting material, fluid-loss additive, viscosifier, or alkali compound, and from 0.1 wt. % to 1 wt. %, based on total weight of the drilling fluid composition, of an ethoxylated alcohol compound having the formula R(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.7OH, in which R is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbyl group having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms. The base fluid may be an aqueous base fluid. Methods for drilling a subterranean well include operating a drill in a wellbore in the presence of a drilling fluid composition including the base fluid, the additive, and the ethoxylated alcohol compound.

In one embodiment, a retarded acid system comprises an aqueous acid and a retarding surfactant. The aqueous acid may comprise from 5 wt. % to 25 wt. % of a strong acid, that is, an acid having a K.sub.a greater than or equal to 0.01. The aqueous acid may further comprise from 75 wt. % to 95 wt. % water. The retarding surfactant may have the general chemical formula R(OC.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.xOH where R is a hydrocarbon having from 11 to 15 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 6 to 10. The retarding surfactant may have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance from 8 to 16.