A method for preparing a low-air entraining, low viscosity lignosulfonate composition. The method comprises: a) applying heat to the crude lignosulfonate composition under suitable conditions to reduce sugar levels to below 10%, optionally below 5%, optionally below 3%), or optionally below 1%, on a dry basis; b) mixing a crude lignosulfonate composition with an effective amount of a source of trivalent ion to complex air entraining fatty acids and resin acids; c) lowering temperature to prevent viscosity buildup.

Magnesium phosphate cement binder systems and method for providing magnesium phosphate cements are described. In an embodiment, a magnesium phosphate cement binder system may include magnesium oxide that has been calcined at a temperature of between about 900° F. to about 1800° F. The magnesium phosphate cement binder system may also include a phosphate material. Other formulations, compositions, and methods are also described.

Magnesium phosphate cement binder systems and method for providing magnesium phosphate cements are described. In an embodiment, a magnesium phosphate cement binder system may include magnesium oxide that has been calcined at a temperature of between about 900° F. to about 1800° F. The magnesium phosphate cement binder system may also include a phosphate material. Other formulations, compositions, and methods are also described.

The present invention relates to water-soluble modified lignins preparable by enzymatic reaction of at least one water-insoluble lignin with at least one organic compound which possesses at least one group selected from primary or secondary amino group, hydroxyl group and phenyl group and has an average molecular weight in the range from 75 to 2500 g/mol. The water-soluble modified lignins are preparable under mild conditions in a simple process. They can be used as dispersants for mineral binder compositions, where they act as plasticizers and in so doing prolong the setting time to much less of an extent than the water-insoluble lignins used in their preparation.

The present invention relates to water-soluble modified lignins preparable by enzymatic reaction of at least one water-insoluble lignin with at least one organic compound which possesses at least one group selected from primary or secondary amino group, hydroxyl group and phenyl group and has an average molecular weight in the range from 75 to 2500 g/mol. The water-soluble modified lignins are preparable under mild conditions in a simple process. They can be used as dispersants for mineral binder compositions, where they act as plasticizers and in so doing prolong the setting time to much less of an extent than the water-insoluble lignins used in their preparation.

The invention relates to a method (100) for selecting the composition of a construction material including an excavated clay soil, said construction material composition to include deflocculating agent and activating agent quantities adapted to the excavated clay soil, said method including a step of receiving (130) a measured value of at least one physicochemical property of an excavated clay soil, and a step of selecting (170) a deflocculating agent quantity and an activating agent quantity adapted to the excavated clay soil. In addition, the invention also relates to a method (200) for calibrating a calculation algorithm for determining the composition of a site construction material, to a construction material formed from an excavated clay soil, and to a system (400) for preparing a construction material including an excavated clay soil.

The invention relates to a method (100) for selecting the composition of a construction material including an excavated clay soil, said construction material composition to include deflocculating agent and activating agent quantities adapted to the excavated clay soil, said method including a step of receiving (130) a measured value of at least one physicochemical property of an excavated clay soil, and a step of selecting (170) a deflocculating agent quantity and an activating agent quantity adapted to the excavated clay soil. In addition, the invention also relates to a method (200) for calibrating a calculation algorithm for determining the composition of a site construction material, to a construction material formed from an excavated clay soil, and to a system (400) for preparing a construction material including an excavated clay soil.

An aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide is prepared in an additive process by subjecting graphitic carbon, such as biochar, in water or an aqueous solution to a high-shear environment in the presence of a dispersing agent to exfoliate graphene oxide. An intercalating agent may be added to facilitate exfoliation, and optionally neutralized. The graphitic carbon may be pre-processed by wet milling prior to exfoliation. The aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide may be used as a concrete admixture in a concrete composition.

An aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide is prepared in an additive process by subjecting graphitic carbon, such as biochar, in water or an aqueous solution to a high-shear environment in the presence of a dispersing agent to exfoliate graphene oxide. An intercalating agent may be added to facilitate exfoliation, and optionally neutralized. The graphitic carbon may be pre-processed by wet milling prior to exfoliation. The aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide may be used as a concrete admixture in a concrete composition.

Aqueous water repellency dispersions for use in the manufacture of gypsum wallboard, comprising a wax phase including a wax and a functionalized wax, an aqueous phase including a Kraft lignin and a water soluble base in an amount sufficient to solubilize the Kraft lignin.