A solid product of a lignin-containing composition can have high dispersibility and heat stability; a solid product of a high performance lignin derivative can be used as a dispersing agent, useful at a construction site, with a concrete, and/or as a premix mixed with a hydraulic composition. A composition can serve as a dispersing agent capable of providing various substances to be dispersed with a thickening property and of enhancing the properties thereof, regardless of the use thereof such as for a hydraulic composition, dye, inorganic or organic pigment, coal-water slurry, agricultural chemical, ceramic, and/or oil drilling mud. The composition includes a lignin sulfonic acid-based compound and a water-soluble compound, or includes a lignin derivative that is a reaction product of a lignin sulfonic acid-based compound with an aromatic water-soluble compound and that satisfies prescribed conditions; and the composition may be a granular product or a liquid product.

Geopolymer cement slurries, cured geopolymer cements, and methods of making cured geopolymer cement and methods of using geopolymer cement slurries are provided. The geopolymer cement slurry comprises Saudi Arabian volcanic ash, an aqueous solution, Na.sub.2SiO.sub.3, NaOH, and a resin. The Saudi Arabian volcanic ash comprises SO.sub.3, CaO, SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, MgO, and K.sub.2O.

Geopolymer cement slurries, cured geopolymer cements, and methods of making cured geopolymer cement and methods of using geopolymer cement slurries are provided. The geopolymer cement slurry comprises Saudi Arabian volcanic ash, an aqueous solution, Na.sub.2SiO.sub.3, NaOH, and a resin. The Saudi Arabian volcanic ash comprises SO.sub.3, CaO, SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, MgO, and K.sub.2O.

A foamed lightweight monolithic refractory castable is provided. The castable includes one or more refractory aggregates as a main constituent, one or more foaming additives in a range of 0.1 wt % to 3.0 wt %, one or more cellulosic powder air-entraining additives in a range of 0.005 wt % to 2.0 wt %, one or more binders in a range of 1 wt % to 40 wt %, and one or more superplasticizers in a range of 0.05 wt % to 0.5 wt %. The refractory aggregates include at least one of alumina and silica. The foaming additives include at least one of alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkene sulfonates, and hydroxylalkane sulfates. The superplasticizers include at least one of sodium polyacrylates, naphthalene sulfonates, polyethylene glycols, polycarboxylates, polyacrylates, and polycarboxylate ethers.

A foamed lightweight monolithic refractory castable is provided. The castable includes one or more refractory aggregates as a main constituent, one or more foaming additives in a range of 0.1 wt % to 3.0 wt %, one or more cellulosic powder air-entraining additives in a range of 0.005 wt % to 2.0 wt %, one or more binders in a range of 1 wt % to 40 wt %, and one or more superplasticizers in a range of 0.05 wt % to 0.5 wt %. The refractory aggregates include at least one of alumina and silica. The foaming additives include at least one of alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkene sulfonates, and hydroxylalkane sulfates. The superplasticizers include at least one of sodium polyacrylates, naphthalene sulfonates, polyethylene glycols, polycarboxylates, polyacrylates, and polycarboxylate ethers.

A downhole tool comprising a cylindrical housing, a sleeve disposed in the cylindrical housing, forming an annular space between the sleeve and the cylindrical housing, and a tool cement composition disposed in the annular space, wherein prior to setting the tool cement composition comprises a cement, sand, a silicon-containing material, a dispersant, and water, and wherein upon setting the tool cement composition provides an annular seal having a fluid leakage of less than 750 ml over 15 minutes at a pressure of 7500 psi and a temperature of 400° F.

A downhole tool comprising a cylindrical housing, a sleeve disposed in the cylindrical housing, forming an annular space between the sleeve and the cylindrical housing, and a tool cement composition disposed in the annular space, wherein prior to setting the tool cement composition comprises a cement, sand, a silicon-containing material, a dispersant, and water, and wherein upon setting the tool cement composition provides an annular seal having a fluid leakage of less than 750 ml over 15 minutes at a pressure of 7500 psi and a temperature of 400° F.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to cement activator compositions for treatment of subterranean formations. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a subterranean formation including placing in the subterranean formation a liquid cement activator composition including water, an alkali sulfate salt, a polyphosphate salt, and a stabilizer polymer.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to cement activator compositions for treatment of subterranean formations. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a subterranean formation including placing in the subterranean formation a liquid cement activator composition including water, an alkali sulfate salt, a polyphosphate salt, and a stabilizer polymer.

The invention relates to screed mixtures, comprising an inorganic binder, processing additives and drying additives. Self-levelling floor screeds according to the invention can be produced from these screed mixtures, said self-levelling floor screeds drying much more quickly than self-levelling floor screeds with the same composition, but which contain no drying additives.