Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a roofing shingle comprising a substrate, wherein the substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface; and a material layer, wherein the material layer comprises graphene, wherein the material layer is disposed on or above the top surface of the substrate. Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method comprising one or more of obtaining a substrate, wherein the substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface; obtaining a graphene composition, wherein the graphene composition comprises at least graphene; and applying the graphene composition to the top surface of the substrate or a surface above the top surface of the substrate to obtain a material layer comprising graphene.

Asphalt packets and methods of making and using asphalt packets are provided. For example, an asphalt packet can be provided that include asphalt that comprises an inner volume and a polymer film outer coating that encapsulates the inner volume of the asphalt. The polymer film outer coating can be non-tacky at ambient temperatures to permit stacking of a plurality of asphalt packets under weight without causing the packets to agglomerate.

Asphalt packets and methods of making and using asphalt packets are provided. For example, an asphalt packet can be provided that include asphalt that comprises an inner volume and a polymer film outer coating that encapsulates the inner volume of the asphalt. The polymer film outer coating can be non-tacky at ambient temperatures to permit stacking of a plurality of asphalt packets under weight without causing the packets to agglomerate.

Asphalt packets and methods of making and using asphalt packets are provided. For example, an asphalt packet can be provided that include asphalt that comprises an inner volume and a polymer film outer coating that encapsulates the inner volume of the asphalt. The polymer film outer coating can be non-tacky at ambient temperatures to permit stacking of a plurality of asphalt packets under weight without causing the packets to agglomerate.

The invention relates to a process for preparing foamed polymer-modified bitumen compositions and to the use thereof for the production of asphalt. The invention also relates to foamed polymer-modified bitumen compositions obtainable by this process. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for producing an asphalt composition and to the use thereof in road applications. The process for the preparation of the foamed polymer-modified bitumen composition comprises the following steps: i) Heating and pressurizing a bitumen to obtain a hot flowing bitumen stream, ii) Injecting under pressure an aqueous polymer dispersion into the hot flowing bitumen stream obtained in step i), to obtain a pressurized flowing mixed stream of the bitumen and the aqueous polymer dispersion; iii) Expanding the flowing mixed stream, in particular to atmospheric pressure, such that the water contained in the aqueous polymer dispersion vaporizes and foams the mixed stream to obtain a foamed polymer-modified bitumen.

The invention relates to a process for preparing foamed polymer-modified bitumen compositions and to the use thereof for the production of asphalt. The invention also relates to foamed polymer-modified bitumen compositions obtainable by this process. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for producing an asphalt composition and to the use thereof in road applications. The process for the preparation of the foamed polymer-modified bitumen composition comprises the following steps: i) Heating and pressurizing a bitumen to obtain a hot flowing bitumen stream, ii) Injecting under pressure an aqueous polymer dispersion into the hot flowing bitumen stream obtained in step i), to obtain a pressurized flowing mixed stream of the bitumen and the aqueous polymer dispersion; iii) Expanding the flowing mixed stream, in particular to atmospheric pressure, such that the water contained in the aqueous polymer dispersion vaporizes and foams the mixed stream to obtain a foamed polymer-modified bitumen.

The present invention relates to a mechanically carboxylated fly ash which has a BET surface area of less than 50 m.sup.2/g and a CO.sub.2 content of more than 1 wt. %. The invention further relates to methods of its production and uses thereof, for example as a filler. The invention further relates to compositions comprising the mechanically carboxylated fly ash and a further material selected from the group consisting of asphalt, cement, polymers and combinations thereof and methods of their production.

The present invention relates to a mechanically carboxylated fly ash which has a BET surface area of less than 50 m.sup.2/g and a CO.sub.2 content of more than 1 wt. %. The invention further relates to methods of its production and uses thereof, for example as a filler. The invention further relates to compositions comprising the mechanically carboxylated fly ash and a further material selected from the group consisting of asphalt, cement, polymers and combinations thereof and methods of their production.

The present invention relates to compositions comprising a mechanochemically carboxylated mineral filler and a binder, wherein the binder is cement and/or asphalt and wherein the filler is obtainable by mechanochemically carboxylating a silicate mineral. The invention further relates to a method for preparing said compositions. The invention further relates to a method for preparing concrete from these compositions and to the concrete obtainable from said method for preparing concrete. The invention also relates to uses of the mechanochemically carboxylated mineral filler, for example as a filler in asphalt or cement.

The present invention relates to compositions comprising a mechanochemically carboxylated mineral filler and a binder, wherein the binder is cement and/or asphalt and wherein the filler is obtainable by mechanochemically carboxylating a silicate mineral. The invention further relates to a method for preparing said compositions. The invention further relates to a method for preparing concrete from these compositions and to the concrete obtainable from said method for preparing concrete. The invention also relates to uses of the mechanochemically carboxylated mineral filler, for example as a filler in asphalt or cement.