Systems, methods, components, and materials are disclosed for stereolithographic fabrication of three-dimensional, dense objects. A resin including a first binder, a second binder, and dispersed particles can be exposed an activation light source to cure at least one of the binders in a layer-by-layer process to form a green object including the first binder, the second binder, and the particles. A dense object, such as a metal object, a ceramic object, or a combination thereof, can be formed from the green object by thermally processing the particles and removing the first binder through a primary debinding process, removing the second binder through a secondary debinding process different from the primary debinding process.

Systems, methods, components, and materials are disclosed for stereolithographic fabrication of three-dimensional objects. A resin including particles dispersed in a binder system can be substantially transparent to light of a wavelength sufficient to cure at least one component of the binder system. A green object can be formed by activation light penetrating into each layer of a plurality of layers of the resin in a layer-by-layer process to crosslink, polymerize, or both, at least one component of the binder system in successive layers of the resin to one another. Through subsequent processing, the green object can be densified to form a metal object, a ceramic object, or a combination thereof.

Systems, methods, and components are disclosed for controlling layer separation in stereolithographic fabrication of three-dimensional objects. Each layer of the three-dimensional object can be cured and separated in discrete portions to facilitate controlling forces in the layers of a three-dimensional object. For example, controlling curing and separation of layers of a three-dimensional object according to the systems, methods, and components disclosed can facilitate accurately forming the three-dimensional object from cured particle-loaded resins. More specifically, particle loading can decrease the shear strength of the cured resin and, thus, controlling the forces exerted on a given layer of a cured particle-loaded resin can be particularly useful for reducing the likelihood of deformation in a three-dimensional object including the particles. In turn, the accurately formed three-dimensional object including the particles can be densified to form a dimensionally accurate finished part.

A castable refractory composition may include from 5% to 95% by weight of alumina, aluminosilicate, or mixtures thereof; from 0.5% to 1.5% by weight alkaline earth metal oxide and/or hydroxide, and 0.1% to 5% by weight of silica having a surface area of at least about 10 m.sup.2/g. The refractory composition may include no more than 0.5% by weight of cementitious binder. The refractory composition may release less than 25 cm.sup.3 of hydrogen gas per kilogram of castable refractory composition upon addition of water. The refractory compositions may set on addition of water.

A friction material including two or more kinds of titanates and a ceramic fiber. The friction material includes no copper component. The two or more kinds of titanates may optionally include two or more kinds of alkali metal titanates, or the two or more kinds of titanates may optionally include an alkaline earth metal-alkali metal titanate and an alkali metal titanate.

Provided is an alumina composite ceramic composition which has electrical insulation properties as well as better mechanical strength and thermal conductivity than a typical alumina-based material. Thus, the alumina composite ceramic composition is promising for a material of a substrate or an insulating package of an electronic device. The alumina composite ceramic composition of the present invention may include alumina (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), zirconia (ZrO.sub.2) or yttria-stabilized zirconia as a first additive, and graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes, as a second additive. In this case, in consideration of two aspects of sinterability and electrical resistivity characteristics of the alumina composite ceramic composition, the graphene oxide may be appropriately adjusted to be in the form of a graphene oxide phase and a reduced graphene phase which coexist in the alumina composite ceramic composition.

A molded, fireproof product, which contains graphite, in particular natural graphite, and is based on fireproof granular materials. The granular-material grains of the product are consolidated to form a molded body by means of a binder known per se and/or ceramic bonding. The product has a homogeneous mixture of at least two graphite types, which each have a different coefficient of thermal expansion. One graphite type is predominant by amount and the other graphite type acts as an auxiliary graphite type. The invention further relates to a method for producing a product and to the use of the product.

A refractory to be used repeatedly or for a long period of time, such as a refractory for casting, especially a nozzle for casting and an SN plate, has improved tolerance. The refractory for casting contains Al.sub.4O.sub.4C in the range of 15 to 60% by mass, both inclusive, an Al component as a metal in the range of 1.2 to 10.0% by mass, both inclusive, and a balance including Al.sub.2O.sub.3, a free C, and other refractory component; a sum of Al.sub.4O.sub.4C, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and the Al component as a metal is 85% or more by mass; and a content of Al.sub.4O.sub.4C (Al.sub.4O.sub.4C), a content of the Al component as a metal (Al), and a content of the free carbon (C). The contact of the free carbon satisfies the following Equation 1 and Equation 2:
1.0C/(Al.sub.4O.sub.4C0.038+Al0.33)(Equation 1)
and
1.0C/(Al.sub.4O.sub.4C0.13+Al0.67)(Equation 2).

The invention relates to a refractory product, a use of zirconium dioxide, a zirconium dioxide, a method for manufacturing a refractory product and a refractory product manufactured by means of said method.

Provided is an alumina composite ceramic composition which has electrical insulation properties as well as better mechanical strength and thermal conductivity than a typical alumina-based material. Thus, the alumina composite ceramic composition is promising for a material of a substrate or an insulating package of an electronic device. The alumina composite ceramic composition of the present invention may include alumina (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), zirconia (ZrO.sub.2) or yttria-stabilized zirconia as a first additive, and graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes, as a second additive. In this case, in consideration of two aspects of sinterability and electrical resistivity characteristics of the alumina composite ceramic composition, the graphene oxide may be appropriately adjusted to be in the form of a graphene oxide phase and a reduced graphene phase which coexist in the alumina composite ceramic composition.