A method for coating a substrate with a ceramic coating, includes the steps of: applying a bond coat material to a surface of a substrate to form a bond coat on the surface; and applying a ceramic coat over the bond coat, wherein the step of applying the bond coat material produces a bond coat having a lower elastic modulus as compared to a conventionally applied bond coat.

A heat-transforming ceramic roasting cylinder and a coffee bean roaster using the same are provided. The ceramic roasting cylinder is made by grinding and mixing ball clay, kaolin clay, mullite, spodumene, and an energy ceramic material into a clay blank; molding the clay blank into ceramic green bodies; and sintering the ceramic green bodies at 12501320 C. for 1824 hours. The ceramic roasting cylinder has an internal roasting space where coffee beans are loaded. The ceramic roasting cylinder also has evenly distributed capillary pores through which heat can circulate to induce the energy ceramic material in the roasting cylinder to release negative ions and far-infrared rays. The far-infrared rays can reduce the van der Waals forces between the oil molecules in the coffee beans instantly, splitting large oil molecules into smaller ones, ensuring the oil in the beans are released sufficiently, evenly, and rapidly to the vicinity of the bean surface.

A heat-transforming ceramic roasting cylinder and a coffee bean roaster using the same are provided. The ceramic roasting cylinder is made by grinding and mixing ball clay, kaolin clay, mullite, spodumene, and an energy ceramic material into a clay blank; molding the clay blank into ceramic green bodies; and sintering the ceramic green bodies at 12501320 C. for 1824 hours. The ceramic roasting cylinder has an internal roasting space where coffee beans are loaded. The ceramic roasting cylinder also has evenly distributed capillary pores through which heat can circulate to induce the energy ceramic material in the roasting cylinder to release negative ions and far-infrared rays. The far-infrared rays can reduce the van der Waals forces between the oil molecules in the coffee beans instantly, splitting large oil molecules into smaller ones, ensuring the oil in the beans are released sufficiently, evenly, and rapidly to the vicinity of the bean surface.

Methods for repairing a thermal barrier coating deposited on a component with localized spallation of the thermal barrier coating includes depositing a primer slurry on a thermally grown oxide of the component exposed by the localized spallation, depositing a ceramic slurry on the primer slurry, and heating the primer slurry and the ceramic slurry. The primer slurry includes a primer that includes at least one of a metal and a metal oxide. The ceramic slurry includes a ceramic material, a ceramic slurry binder material, and a ceramic slurry fluid carrier. Heating the primer slurry and the ceramic slurry forms a first chemical bond between the primer and the thermally grown oxide and a second chemical bond between the primer and the ceramic material.

A glass furnace including an additive-containing product including an additive selected from: phosphorus compounds other than glasses and vitroceramics, tungsten compounds other than glasses and vitroceramics, molybdenum compounds other than glasses and vitroceramics, iron in the form of metal, aluminum in the form of metal, silicon in the form of metal, and their mixtures, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, glasses including elemental phosphorus and/or iron and/or tungsten and/or molybdenum, vitroceramics including elemental phosphorus and/or iron and/or tungsten and/or molybdenum, and their mixtures, and having the following chemical analysis, exclusively of the additive, as a percentage by weight on the basis of the oxides: Cr.sub.2O.sub.3?2%, and Cr.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+CaO+ZrO.sub.2+MgO+Fe.sub.2O.sub.3+SiO.sub.2+TiO.sub.2?90%, and Cr.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+MgO?60%, the content by weight of additive being in the range 0.01% to 6%.

A glass furnace including an additive-containing product including an additive selected from: phosphorus compounds other than glasses and vitroceramics, tungsten compounds other than glasses and vitroceramics, molybdenum compounds other than glasses and vitroceramics, iron in the form of metal, aluminum in the form of metal, silicon in the form of metal, and their mixtures, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, glasses including elemental phosphorus and/or iron and/or tungsten and/or molybdenum, vitroceramics including elemental phosphorus and/or iron and/or tungsten and/or molybdenum, and their mixtures, and having the following chemical analysis, exclusively of the additive, as a percentage by weight on the basis of the oxides: Cr.sub.2O.sub.3?2%, and Cr.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+CaO+ZrO.sub.2+MgO+Fe.sub.2O.sub.3+SiO.sub.2+TiO.sub.2?90%, and Cr.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+MgO?60%, the content by weight of additive being in the range 0.01% to 6%.

A glass furnace including an additive-containing product including an additive selected from: phosphorus compounds other than glasses and vitroceramics, tungsten compounds other than glasses and vitroceramics, molybdenum compounds other than glasses and vitroceramics, iron in the form of metal, aluminum in the form of metal, silicon in the form of metal, and their mixtures, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, glasses including elemental phosphorus and/or iron and/or tungsten and/or molybdenum, vitroceramics including elemental phosphorus and/or iron and/or tungsten and/or molybdenum, and their mixtures, and having the following chemical analysis, exclusively of the additive, as a percentage by weight on the basis of the oxides: Cr.sub.2O.sub.3?2%, and Cr.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+CaO+ZrO.sub.2+MgO+Fe.sub.2O.sub.3+SiO.sub.2+TiO.sub.2?90%, and Cr.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+MgO?60%, the content by weight of additive being in the range 0.01% to 6%.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are destroyed by oxidation in supercritical conditions. PFAS in water is concentrated in a reverse osmosis step and salt from the resulting solution is removed in supercritical conditions prior to destruction of PFAS in supercritical conditions.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are destroyed by oxidation in supercritical conditions. PFAS in water is concentrated in a reverse osmosis step and salt from the resulting solution is removed in supercritical conditions prior to destruction of PFAS in supercritical conditions.

A joined body 20 according to the present invention includes a first member 22 made of a porous ceramic, a second member 24 made of a metal, and a joint 30 formed of an oxide ceramic of a transition metal, the joint 30 joining the first member 22 to the second member 24. Alternatively, a joined body may include a first member made of a dense material, a second member made of a dense material, and a joint formed of an oxide ceramic of a transition metal, the joint joining the first member to the second member.