A joined body 20 according to the present invention includes a first member 22 made of a porous ceramic, a second member 24 made of a metal, and a joint 30 formed of an oxide ceramic of a transition metal, the joint 30 joining the first member 22 to the second member 24. Alternatively, a joined body may include a first member made of a dense material, a second member made of a dense material, and a joint formed of an oxide ceramic of a transition metal, the joint joining the first member to the second member.

A refractory object may include a Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 content of at least about 80 wt. % of a total weight of the refractory object, an Al.sub.2O.sub.3 content of at least about 0.7 wt. % and not greater than about 10.0 wt. % of the total weight of the refractory object, a SiO.sub.2 content of at least about 0.3 wt. % and not greater than about 5.0 wt. % of the total weight of the refractory object and a TiO.sub.2 content of at least about 1.0 wt. % and not greater than about 5.6 wt. % TiO.sub.2 of the total weight of the refractory object. The refractory object may further include an MOR of at least about 37 MPa as measured at 1200 C.

A refractory object may include a Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 content of at least about 80 wt. % of a total weight of the refractory object, an Al.sub.2O.sub.3 content of at least about 0.7 wt. % and not greater than about 10.0 wt. % of the total weight of the refractory object, a SiO.sub.2 content of at least about 0.3 wt. % and not greater than about 5.0 wt. % of the total weight of the refractory object and a TiO.sub.2 content of at least about 1.0 wt. % and not greater than about 5.6 wt. % TiO.sub.2 of the total weight of the refractory object. The refractory object may further include an MOR of at least about 37 MPa as measured at 1200 C.

A refractory object may include a Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 content of at least about 80 wt. % of a total weight of the refractory object, an Al.sub.2O.sub.3 content of at least about 0.7 wt. % and not greater than about 10.0 wt. % of the total weight of the refractory object, a SiO.sub.2 content of at least about 0.3 wt. % and not greater than about 5.0 wt. % of the total weight of the refractory object and a TiO.sub.2 content of at least about 1.0 wt. % and not greater than about 5.6 wt. % TiO.sub.2 of the total weight of the refractory object. The refractory object may further include an MOR of at least about 37 MPa as measured at 1200 C.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are destroyed by oxidation in supercritical conditions. PFAS in water is concentrated in a reverse osmosis step and salt from the resulting solution is removed in supercritical conditions prior to destruction of PFAS in supercritical conditions.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are destroyed by oxidation in supercritical conditions. PFAS in water is concentrated in a reverse osmosis step and salt from the resulting solution is removed in supercritical conditions prior to destruction of PFAS in supercritical conditions.

A sintered refractory product having a granulate bonded by a matrix and comprising, in percentages by mass based on the oxides, more than 40% chromium oxide Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, less than 50% aluminium oxide Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 1% or more zirconium oxide ZrO.sub.2, of which at least 20% by mass is stabilised in the cubic and/or quadratic form, 0.1% or more yttrium oxide Y.sub.2O.sub.3, acting as a stabiliser for the zirconium oxide ZrO.sub.2, less than 1.9% hafnium oxide HfO.sub.2, the total content of chromium, aluminium and zirconium oxides Cr.sub.2O.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+ZrO.sub.2 being greater than 70%.

A sintered refractory product having a granulate bonded by a matrix and comprising, in percentages by mass based on the oxides, more than 40% chromium oxide Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, less than 50% aluminium oxide Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 1% or more zirconium oxide ZrO.sub.2, of which at least 20% by mass is stabilised in the cubic and/or quadratic form, 0.1% or more yttrium oxide Y.sub.2O.sub.3, acting as a stabiliser for the zirconium oxide ZrO.sub.2, less than 1.9% hafnium oxide HfO.sub.2, the total content of chromium, aluminium and zirconium oxides Cr.sub.2O.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+ZrO.sub.2 being greater than 70%.

The disclosure relates to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode materials that comprise various compositions of chromate based oxide materials. These materials offer high conductivity achievable at intermediate and low temperatures and can be used to prepare the anode layer of a SOFC. A method of making a low- or intermediate-temperature SOFC having an anode layer comprising a chromate based oxide material is also provided.

The invention relates to a method for producing a raw material for the production of refractory ceramic products, a raw material produced by said method, and a raw material for producing refractory ceramic products.