Nanoparticle composites comprised of a metal oxide and ions of a metallic element included within a crystal lattice of said metal oxide are disclosed. Process of preparing the nanoparticle composites per se and incorporated in or on a substrate are also disclosed. Uses of the nanoparticle composites and of substrates incorporating same, particularly for reducing a formation of a load of a microorganism or of a biofilm, are also disclosed.

Nanoparticle composites comprised of a metal oxide and ions of a metallic element included within a crystal lattice of said metal oxide are disclosed. Process of preparing the nanoparticle composites per se and incorporated in or on a substrate are also disclosed. Uses of the nanoparticle composites and of substrates incorporating same, particularly for reducing a formation of a load of a microorganism or of a biofilm, are also disclosed.

A joined body 20 includes a porous ceramic 22 made of porous ceramic, a metal member 24 made of a metal, and a joint 30 formed of an oxide ceramic that penetrates into pores 23 of the porous ceramic 22 and joins the porous ceramic 22 to the metal member 24. The penetration depth of the oxide ceramic into the pores of the porous ceramic is preferably 10 m or more, and more preferably 15 to 50 m. The joined body 20 may be produced through a joining step of forming a joint by placing a metal raw material between a porous ceramic and a metal member and firing the metal raw material in the air at a temperature in the range of 400 C. to 900 C., where an oxide ceramic produced by oxidation of the metal raw material penetrates into the pores of the porous ceramic in the joint.

A joined body 20 includes a porous ceramic 22 made of porous ceramic, a metal member 24 made of a metal, and a joint 30 formed of an oxide ceramic that penetrates into pores 23 of the porous ceramic 22 and joins the porous ceramic 22 to the metal member 24. The penetration depth of the oxide ceramic into the pores of the porous ceramic is preferably 10 m or more, and more preferably 15 to 50 m. The joined body 20 may be produced through a joining step of forming a joint by placing a metal raw material between a porous ceramic and a metal member and firing the metal raw material in the air at a temperature in the range of 400 C. to 900 C., where an oxide ceramic produced by oxidation of the metal raw material penetrates into the pores of the porous ceramic in the joint.

The invention lies within the field of ceramic technology, in particular ceramic production technology. Namely, it refers to modifier that alters the electrophysical and magnetic properties of ceramics, which is a product of technological processing of one or more batch mix components of the specified ceramic sample, the relevant ceramic sample, an intermediate product obtained after baking of the relevant ceramic sample, a known alloying agent, or a combination thereof. It also refers to the method for altering the electrical and magnetic properties of ceramics, according to which the dry batch mix is saturated with the claimed modifier, followed by baking and sintering according to the relevant ceramic sample production technology. The invention provides for the production of modified ceramics with improved electrical and magnetic properties, without the formation of impurity defects in the crystalline structure of the resulting ceramics.

Electrical, mechanical, computing, and/or other devices that include components formed of extremely low resistance (ELR) materials, including, but not limited to, modified ELR materials, layered ELR materials, and new ELR materials, are described.

Electrical, mechanical, computing, and/or other devices that include components formed of extremely low resistance (ELR) materials, including, but not limited to, modified ELR materials, layered ELR materials, and new ELR materials, are described.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a solid comprising a step of mixing a set of compounds comprising at least two Cu.sub.2(OH).sub.2CO.sub.3 powders of different particle sizes and at least one binder and the use of the solid prepared by means of this method.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a sintered oxide to be used for a sputtering target, whereby little abnormal discharge occurs even during high-power film-deposition and no cracking occurs in the target. A sintered oxide having zinc, aluminum, titanium and oxygen, as constituent elements, characterized in that when the contents of zinc, aluminum and titanium are represented by Zn, Al, and Ti, respectively, the atomic ratios of the elements constituting the sintered oxide are
Al/(Zn+Al+Ti)=0.035 to 0.050 and
Ti/(Zn+Al+Ti)=0.05 to 0.20,
and the average grain size of crystal grains having a Zn.sub.2TiO.sub.4 crystal phase as the matrix phase in the sintered oxide, is at most 5 m.

A heat-reactive resist material contains copper oxide, and silicon or silicon oxide, and is formed so that the content of silicon or silicon oxide in the heat-reactive resist material is 4.0 mol % or more less than 10.0 mol % in terms of mole of silicon. A heat-reactive resist layer is formed using the heat-reactive resist material, is exposed, and then, is developed with a developing solution. Using the obtained heat-reactive resist layer as a mask, dry etching is performed on a substrate with a fluorocarbon to manufacture a mold having a concavo-convex shape on the substrate surface. At this point, it is possible to control a fine pattern comprised of the concavo-convex shape.