A sintered body, a method of fabricating the sintered body, a semiconductor fabricating device, and a method of fabricating the semiconductor fabricating device, the sintered body including 50 mass % or more of Y.sub.5O.sub.4F.sub.7, wherein the sintered body has a relative density of 97.0% or more and a Vickers hardness of 2.4 GPa or more.

Described are coatings that contain of fluorinated yttrium oxide and a metal oxide; methods of preparing these coatings; substrates, surfaces, equipment, and components of equipment that include a coating that contains a combination of fluorinated yttrium oxide and a metal oxide; and methods of preparing and using the coatings and coated substrates.

Described are coatings that contain of fluorinated yttrium oxide and a metal oxide; methods of preparing these coatings; substrates, surfaces, equipment, and components of equipment that include a coating that contains a combination of fluorinated yttrium oxide and a metal oxide; and methods of preparing and using the coatings and coated substrates.

An electrochromic device includes a light transmissive first substrate, a working electrode disposed on the first substrate, a light transmissive second substrate facing the first substrate, a counter electrode disposed on the second substrate, and a lithium-rich anti-perovskite (LiRAP) material disposed between the first and second substrates. The LiRAP material includes an ionically conductive and electrically insulating LiRAP material.

An electrochromic device includes a light transmissive first substrate, a working electrode disposed on the first substrate, a light transmissive second substrate facing the first substrate, a counter electrode disposed on the second substrate, and a lithium-rich anti-perovskite (LiRAP) material disposed between the first and second substrates. The LiRAP material includes an ionically conductive and electrically insulating LiRAP material.

A method for forming a sintered composition includes providing a slurry precursor including a chalcogenide compound; tape casting the slurry precursor to form a green tape; and sintering the green tape at a temperature in a range of 500° C. to 1350° C. for a time in a range of less than 60 min. An energy device includes a first sintered, non-polished electrode having a first surface and a second surface; a first current collector disposed on the first surface of the first electrode; an electrolyte layer disposed on the second surface of the first electrode; and a second electrode disposed on the electrolyte layer.

A method of removing fluoride ion from waste liquid is provided, which includes providing a calcium source and a plurality of ceramic particles to a waste liquid containing fluoride ion for forming a plurality of calcium fluoride layers wrapping the ceramic particles. The calcium fluoride layers are connected to form a calcium fluoride bulk. The ceramic particles are embedded in the calcium fluoride bulk. The ceramic particles and the calcium fluoride bulk have a weight ratio of 1:4 to 1:20.

A method of removing fluoride ion from waste liquid is provided, which includes providing a calcium source and a plurality of ceramic particles to a waste liquid containing fluoride ion for forming a plurality of calcium fluoride layers wrapping the ceramic particles. The calcium fluoride layers are connected to form a calcium fluoride bulk. The ceramic particles are embedded in the calcium fluoride bulk. The ceramic particles and the calcium fluoride bulk have a weight ratio of 1:4 to 1:20.

Systems and methods for imaging in the short wave infrared (SWIR), photodetectors with low dark current and associated circuits for reducing dark currents and methods for generating image information based on data of a photodetector array. A SWIR imaging system may include a pulsed illumination source operative to emit radiation pulses in the SWIR band towards a target resulting in reflected radiation from the target; (b) an imaging receiver including a plurality of Ge PDs operative to detect the reflected SWIR radiation and a controller, operative to control activation of the receiver for an integration time during which the accumulated dark current noise does not exceed the time independent readout noise.

Disclosed is a solid state electrolyte comprising a compound of Formula 1
Li.sub.7−a*α−(b−4)*β−xM.sup.a.sub.αLa.sub.3Hf.sub.2−βM.sup.b.sub.βO.sub.12−x−δX.sub.x  (1)
wherein M.sup.a is a cationic element having a valence of a+; M.sup.b is a cationic element having a valence of b+; and X is an anion having a valence of −1, wherein, when M.sup.a includes H, 0≤α≤5, otherwise 0≤α≤0.75, and wherein 0≤β≤1.5, 0≤x≤1.5, and (a*α+(b−4)β+x)>0, 0≤δ≤1.