The present invention relates to a composite material, particularly a composite material for ceramic tiles, stone cladding, surface tops (e.g. worktops), and the like. The composite materials are typically derived from waste products. The composite materials of the present invention are formed from a glass component and a non-glass mineral component (e.g. ceramics and/or glaze). Generally the composite materials do not require any binders (especially synthetic binders) to hold the materials together. Therefore, the composite materials and products made therefrom are typically recyclable.

A multilayer ceramic substrate that includes a laminated structure including a surface layer portion located on a surface of the laminated structure and an inner layer portion located on the inner side of the laminated structure, the surface layer portion including a first layer adjacent to the inner layer portion, the inner layer portion including a second layer adjacent to the first layer. The thermal expansion coefficient of the first layer is lower than the thermal expansion coefficient of the second layer, a first glass contained in the first layer and a second glass contained in the second layer each contain 40% or more by weight MO (where M represents at least one selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, Sr, and Ba), and the difference in softening points between the first glass and the second glass is 60 C. or lower.

A multilayer ceramic substrate that includes a laminated structure including a surface layer portion located on a surface of the laminated structure and an inner layer portion located on the inner side of the laminated structure, the surface layer portion including a first layer adjacent to the inner layer portion, the inner layer portion including a second layer adjacent to the first layer. The thermal expansion coefficient of the first layer is lower than the thermal expansion coefficient of the second layer, a first glass contained in the first layer and a second glass contained in the second layer each contain 40% or more by weight MO (where M represents at least one selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, Sr, and Ba), and the difference in softening points between the first glass and the second glass is 60 C. or lower.

A method for coating a substrate includes spraying a combination of powders. The combination of powders includes: Hf.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2; Zr.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2; and, optionally, at least one of HfO.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2. A molar ratio of said Hf.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2 and HfO.sub.2 combined to said Zr.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2 combined is from 2:1 to 4:1. A molar ratio of said Hf.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2 to said HfO.sub.2 is at least 1:3.

A method for coating a substrate includes spraying a combination of powders. The combination of powders includes: Hf.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2; Zr.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2; and, optionally, at least one of HfO.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2. A molar ratio of said Hf.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2 and HfO.sub.2 combined to said Zr.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2 combined is from 2:1 to 4:1. A molar ratio of said Hf.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2 to said HfO.sub.2 is at least 1:3.

Particles of a refractory metal or a refractory-metal compound capable of decomposing or reacting into refractory-metal nanoparticles, elemental silicon, and an organic compound having a char yield of at least 60% by weight are combined to form a precursor mixture. The mixture is heating, forming a thermoset and/or metal nanoparticles. Further heating form a composition having nanoparticles of a refractory-metal silicide and a carbonaceous matrix. The composition is not in the form of a powder

A high strength ceramic body for use in a regenerative burner media bed, comprising a generally spherical refractory portion and a plurality of irregular aggregate portions distributed randomly throughout the generally spherical portion. The aggregate portions are selected from the group comprising tabular alumina, white fused alumina, mullite, chamotte, and combinations thereof. The generally spherical portion has a porosity of less than 1 percent and is more than 99.5 weight percent alumina.

A high strength ceramic body for use in a regenerative burner media bed, comprising a generally spherical refractory portion and a plurality of irregular aggregate portions distributed randomly throughout the generally spherical portion. The aggregate portions are selected from the group comprising tabular alumina, white fused alumina, mullite, chamotte, and combinations thereof. The generally spherical portion has a porosity of less than 1 percent and is more than 99.5 weight percent alumina.

Disclosed are a composite particle and a method of manufacturing the same. The composite particle may have an appropriate level of particle diameter and may maintain a stable shape and internal porous structure when the composite particle is applied during a coating process at high temperature.

Disclosed are a composite particle and a method of manufacturing the same. The composite particle may have an appropriate level of particle diameter and may maintain a stable shape and internal porous structure when the composite particle is applied during a coating process at high temperature.