Various embodiments include a system or platform that uses electrochemistry to upcycle waste products and low-value minerals into valuable, carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2)-neutral materials. Various embodiments may include systems and/or methods for processing material inputs using an electrochemical reactor. Various embodiments may include systems, methods, and/or devices for capturing and sequestering carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) while producing valuable co-products.

Disclosed herein are ceramic materials comprising a ceramic phase and a glass phase and at least one of a reduced alkali content or a reduced iron content. Ceramic materials having relatively low creep rates are also disclosed herein, as well as glass forming bodies comprising such materials, and methods for making glass articles using such forming bodies. Refractory bricks for constructing glass manufacturing vessels are also disclosed. Methods for treating ceramic materials to reduce at least one of the alkali or iron content are further disclosed herein.

An apparatus for increasing gas components in a fluid uses a controller connected to a network and client device for remote control of fluid flow rates, magnet field intensity, and pressure of fluid based on preset parameters. Conductive wire coiled around a magnet fluid treatment device generates a bidirectional magnetic flux to magnetically treat fluid in the conduit at an entry pressure. A variable frequency generator energizes the wire creating magnetic flux lines to pass through the fluid flow conduit. A gas injector receives fluid at the gas injector entry pressure and lowers the gas injector entry pressure of the fluid to a gas injector discharge pressure. A treatment chamber receives the fluid at a treatment chamber entry pressure and lowers the treatment chamber entry pressure to a treatment chamber discharge pressure. The apparatus causes absorption of increased gas component into the fluid by from 10% to at least 500%.

Precipitated particles may be formed under conditions that provide a particle morphology suitable for conveying a desired set of properties to a wellbore circulation fluid. Methods for using precipitated particles in a wellbore may comprise: selecting precipitation conditions for producing precipitated particles that are substantially non-spherical in shape, are about 1 micron or under in size, or any combination thereof; forming the precipitated particles from a reaction mixture under the precipitation conditions without using a polymeric dispersant; and introducing a wellbore circulation fluid comprising a plurality of the precipitated particles into a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation. The precipitation conditions may include one or more of modulating various reaction conditions, applying an electric field to the reaction mixture, or including a carbohydrate-based material in the reaction mixture.

An apparatus for increasing gas components in a fluid uses a controller connected to a network and client device for remote control of fluid flow rates, magnet field intensity, and pressure of fluid based on preset parameters. Conductive wire coiled around a magnet fluid treatment device generates a bidirectional magnetic flux to magnetically treat fluid in the conduit at an entry pressure. A variable frequency generator energizes the wire creating magnetic flux lines to pass through the fluid flow conduit. A gas injector receives fluid at the gas injector entry pressure and lowers the gas injector entry pressure of the fluid to a gas injector discharge pressure. A treatment chamber receives the fluid at a treatment chamber entry pressure and lowers the treatment chamber entry pressure to a treatment chamber discharge pressure. The apparatus causes absorption of increased gas component into the fluid by from 10% to at least 500%.

An apparatus for increasing gas components in a fluid uses a controller connected to a network and client device for remote control of fluid flow rates, magnet field intensity, and pressure of fluid based on preset parameters. Conductive wire coiled around a magnet fluid treatment device generates a bidirectional magnetic flux to magnetically treat fluid in the conduit at an entry pressure. A variable frequency generator energizes the wire creating magnetic flux lines to pass through the fluid flow conduit. A gas injector receives fluid at the gas injector entry pressure and lowers the gas injector entry pressure of the fluid to a gas injector discharge pressure. A treatment chamber receives the fluid at a treatment chamber entry pressure and lowers the treatment chamber entry pressure to a treatment chamber discharge pressure. The apparatus causes absorption of increased gas component into the fluid by from 10% to at least 500%.

An apparatus for increasing gas components in a fluid uses a controller connected to a network and client device for remote control of fluid flow rates, magnet field intensity, and pressure of fluid based on preset parameters. Conductive wire coiled around a magnet fluid treatment device generates a bidirectional magnetic flux to magnetically treat fluid in the conduit at an entry pressure. A variable frequency generator energizes the wire creating magnetic flux lines to pass through the fluid flow conduit. A gas injector receives fluid at the gas injector entry pressure and lowers the gas injector entry pressure of the fluid to a gas injector discharge pressure. A treatment chamber receives the fluid at a treatment chamber entry pressure and lowers the treatment chamber entry pressure to a treatment chamber discharge pressure. The apparatus causes absorption of increased gas component into the fluid by from 10% to at least 500%.

The present invention is directed to a gypsum panel and a method of making such gypsum panel. For instance, in one embodiment, the gypsum panel comprises a gypsum core and a first facing material and a second facing material sandwiching the gypsum core, wherein the gypsum core includes gypsum and one or more magnetic additives. The methods of the present invention are directed to making the aforementioned gypsum panels by providing the first facing material, providing a gypsum slurry comprising gypsum, water, and one or more magnetic additives onto the first facing material, and providing a second facing material on the gypsum slurry.

A gas infusion waste water treatment facility having an apparatus for increasing gas components in a fluid uses a controller connected to a network and client device for remote control of fluid flow rates, magnet field intensity, and pressure of fluid based on preset parameters. Conductive wire coiled around a magnet fluid treatment device generates a bidirectional magnetic flux to magnetically treat fluid in the conduit at an entry pressure. The facility creates absorption of increased gas concentration containing an oxygen atom into the fluid from 10% to at least 500%.

The present invention relates to the field of material determination or analysis, and provides a method of assessing drying depth of cementitious materials including the following steps: preparing a plurality of cementitious material specimens; drying the cementitious material specimens; conducting electrochemical impedance spectrum measurement on each cementitious material specimen; accordingly determining a model for analyzing the drying depth of the cementitious material specimen. The method of assessing drying depth of the cementitious material provided by the present invention takes the influence of the resistivity changes on the model into consideration, and the drying depth of the cementitious material is reflected and reckoned with regularly changes of the electrochemical parameters, not only increasing the accuracy but also saving much testing labor, time and cost.