The present invention is directed to a composition capable of inhibiting moisture vapor emission from concrete structures and enhancing adhesion of a finish material to the concrete structure comprising an aqueous mixture of a first copolymer of mer units formed from vinylidene halide and a C1-C2 alkyl acrylate with a second copolymer of mer units formed from vinylidene halide and a C4-CS alkyl acrylate and to the method of forming a moisture barrier/adhesion promoter coating on concrete comprising applying from 2.8 to 5.6 liters (0.75 to 1.5 gallons) of an aqueous carrier having from 10 to 50 weight percent of the mixture of copolymers stated above per 14 m2 (150 square feet) of the free surface of a concrete structure.

A method of coating with an aqueous coating composition having a pH <5 of silica nanoparticles having a, average particle diameter of 40 nm, silica nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 50 nm, and a tetraalkoxysilane. The resulting coatings are substantially uniform in thickness, durably adheres to the substrate, and provides antireflection and or hydrophilic surface properties to the substrate.

The invention provides a marine infrastructure comprising a concrete matrix having a pH of less than 12 for use in promoting the growth of fauna and flora in aquatic environment, and methods for promoting the growth of fauna and flora in aquatic environment, including endolitic and epilitic flora and endolitic and epilitic anaerobic and aerobic flora and fauna.

A method of building marine concrete elements layer-by-layer, the method including extruding a flowable construction material through an outlet of a deposition head in order to form a layer of construction material, the construction material including a hydraulic cement and a superabsorbent polymer, wherein successive layers of construction material are placed on top of each other and allowed to cure and harden, in order to obtain the marine concrete element.

Systems and method are provided for a biochar concrete. The biochar concrete includes a low carbon fraction biochar, non-biochar cementitious material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and water. A mass of the low carbon fraction biochar, mass of the non-biochar cementitious material, mass of the coarse aggregate, mass of the fine aggregate, and mass of water depend on a binder fraction of the low carbon fraction biochar which is less than 70% carbon by mass.