According to embodiments, a batch mixture includes inorganic components, a non-polar carbon chain lubricant, and an organic surfactant having a polar head. The non-polar carbon chain lubricant and the organic surfactant are present in concentrations satisfying the relationship: B(C.sub.1(d+d.sub.0)+C.sub.2(f+f.sub.0))=SC, where: d.sub.0+d is an amount of non-polar carbon chain lubricant in percent by weight of the inorganic components, by super addition; f.sub.0+f is an amount of organic surfactant in percent by weight of the inorganic components, by super addition; B is a scaling factor; C.sub.1 is a scaling factor of the concentration of the non-polar carbon chain lubricant; and C.sub.2 is a scaling factor of the concentration of the organic surfactant. Embodiments provide that 3.6≤SC≤14.

A plugged honeycomb structure has a plurality of cells defined by partition walls to become through channels for fluid, one end of each of the predetermined cells is plugged by a plugging member, the other end of each of the residual cells is plugged by the plugging member, the partition wall is made of a cordierite component as a main component, and a value obtained by dividing Young's modulus of a plugging structure portion formed by the partition walls and the plugging member by Young's modulus of a cell structure portion formed by the partition walls is in a range of 1.05 to 2.00.

In one example, a solver engine may execute a reverse calculation to determine a recipe ingredient set based on a goal descriptor describing a ceramic glaze. A descriptor interface of the solver engine may receive a goal descriptor describing a ceramic glaze. A model applicator of the solver engine may apply a glaze process model to the goal descriptor. The model applicator may automatically reverse calculate a glaze recipe describing a recipe ingredient set to produce the ceramic glaze described by the goal descriptor. A glaze mixing machine interface may direct a glaze mixing machine to mix the recipe ingredient set to produce the ceramic glaze.

A method of designing a cement slurry may include: (a) selecting a target permeability and a density requirement; (b) inputting the target permeability into a permeability model and generating a proposed cement composition using the permeability model, wherein the proposed cement composition comprises at least a cement and concentration thereof, and a water and concentration thereof such that a cement slurry formed from the proposed cement composition water meet the density requirement; (c) preparing the cement slurry based on the proposed cement composition; and (d) introducing the cement slurry into a wellbore and allowing the cement slurry to set to form a hardened cement.

The present invention relates to a method for providing modified gypsum plaster or filling compositions having reduced agglomeration in comparison to gypsum plaster or filling compositions comprising cellulose ether in a specific amount from 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent, based on the total dry weight of said composition. Also provided are dry mortars comprising cellulose ether, gelatin and gypsum for use in such methods, and gypsum-free mixtures comprising cellulose ether and gelatin which may be added to gypsum binder for use a for use in such methods.

According to embodiments, a batch mixture includes inorganic components, a non-polar carbon chain lubricant, and an organic surfactant having a polar head. The non-polar carbon chain lubricant and the organic surfactant are present in concentrations satisfying the relationship: B(C.sub.1(d+d.sub.0)+C.sub.2(f+f.sub.0))=SC, where: d.sub.0+d is an amount of non-polar carbon chain lubricant in percent by weight of the inorganic components, by super addition; f.sub.0+f is an amount of organic surfactant in percent by weight of the inorganic components, by super addition; B is a scaling factor; C.sub.1 is a scaling factor of the concentration of the non-polar carbon chain lubricant; and C.sub.2 is a scaling factor of the concentration of the organic surfactant. Embodiments provide that 3.6SC14.

A cementitious composite includes a cementitious mixture of cementitious materials and non-cementitious materials. Prior to the in-situ hydration, V.sub.b=M.sub.c/.sub.c.Math.(1+F.sub.v)+.sub.i.sup.n(M.sub.nc.sub.i/.sub.nc.sub.i) where V.sub.b is the bulk volume of the cementitious mixture per unit area of the cementitious composite, M.sub.c is a mass of the cementitious materials of the cementitious mixture per unit area of the cementitious composite, .sub.c is a density of the cementitious materials of the cementitious mixture, M.sub.nc.sub.i is a mass of each constituent type of the non-cementitious materials of the cementitious mixture per unit area of the cementitious composite, .sub.nc.sub.i is a density of each constituent type of the non-cementitious materials of the cementitious mixture, and F.sub.v is a ratio of the volume of the voids within the cementitious mixture relative to the volume of the cementitious materials of the cementitious mixture per unit area of the cementitious composite. F.sub.v is between 0.64 and 1.35.

A method for producing a mineral foam includes: (i) independently preparing a cement slurry and an aqueous foam, the cement slurry being prepared by mixing water E and cement C, the cement C including a soluble equivalent quantity x of Na.sub.2O, x being expressed by weight for 100 parts cement, the slurry having a ratio x/(E/C) less than or equal to 1.75, E/C being expressed by weight, and the particles of cement C having a size distribution such that the particle size distribution ratio d.sub.max(h/2)/d.sub.min(h/2) is between 5 and 25; (ii) bringing the cement slurry into contact with the aqueous foam in order to obtain a foamed cement slurry; and (iii) shaping the foamed cement slurry obtained in step (ii) and allowing setting to take place.

A method of producing a cement composition with reduced carbon emissions may include: defining cement constraints comprising at least one cement property; calculating a set of cement compositions which satisfy the cement constraints, using cement property models corresponding to the cement constraints; calculating a carbon emission associated with each of the cement compositions in the set of cement compositions using a carbon footprint model; selecting a cement composition from the set of cement compositions; and preparing the cement composition.

Described herein are cementitious compositions for forming a lightweight concrete on curing, comprising a cementitious binder, a lightweight aggregate, a non-lightweight aggregate, dispersible fines of size <75 m in an amount of from 15.0 to 30.0 vol % as measured without use of a dispersant, coarse particles of size >2.36 mm in an amount of 30 vol %, and, water, as well as methods of using same to prepare lightweight concretes and lightweight concrete blocks.