A method is provided for preserving cooking oil in a food fryer which comprises contacting the oil in situ with at least one oil-permeable cement body which is a stand-alone block and which has been hydraulically hardened from a paste comprising (i) white OPC clinker, (ii) white OPC or (iii) a mixture of white OPC clinker and white OPC, wherein the porosity of the cement body, estimable from the difference between its water-saturated and dry weights, is 30-55%, pores in the body being oil receptive by virtue of low un-bound water content.

A composite filter aid may include acid-washed diatomaceous earth and a low extractable metal mineral. A method for making a composite material may include blending an acid-washed diatomaceous earth and a low extractable metal mineral, adding a binder to the blended diatomaceous earth and low extractable metal mineral, and forming the composite material from the acid-washed diatomaceous earth, the low extractable metal mineral, and the binder. A method for filtering a liquid may include providing a liquid for filtering and filtering the liquid through a composite filter aid that includes an acid-washed diatomaceous earth and a low extractable metal mineral.

A permeable pavement and cured fiber composition and a related method are provided. The permeable pavement composition includes a quantity of pavement material, and a quantity of cured carbon fiber composite material (CCFCM) configured to be added to the pavement material to produce a reinforced composition having improved characteristics. An example of pavement material includes a pervious concrete material. The method includes providing a quantity of pavement material, and adding a quantity of cured carbon fiber composite material to the pavement material to produce a reinforced composition having improved characteristics.

A method of designing a cement slurry may include: (a) selecting a target permeability and a density requirement; (b) inputting the target permeability into a permeability model and generating a proposed cement composition using the permeability model, wherein the proposed cement composition comprises at least a cement and concentration thereof, and a water and concentration thereof such that a cement slurry formed from the proposed cement composition water meet the density requirement; (c) preparing the cement slurry based on the proposed cement composition; and (d) introducing the cement slurry into a wellbore and allowing the cement slurry to set to form a hardened cement.

A permeable pavement system including a permeable pavement composition and a related method are provided. The permeable pavement system includes a first layer of a permeable pavement composition including a quantity of a first permeable pavement material and a quantity of cured carbon fiber composite material (CCFCM) incorporated therewith, the first layer defining a first surface; and a second layer of a second permeable pavement material deposited over a substantial entirety of and covering the first surface of the first layer of the permeable pavement composition, wherein the first layer interfaces with the second layer to at least strengthen the permeable pavement system.

A method to provide fractures in a formation includes providing a wellbore in the formation and providing a casing in the wellbore. The method also includes providing communication between an inside of the casing and the formation and initiating a fracture from the communication between the inside of the casing and the subterranean formation. The method further includes propagating the fracture with a fluid comprising mortar slurry. The mortar slurry comprises water and hydraulic material, and at least 50 percent of the water is consumed to hydrate the hydraulic material.

A composite pavement structure comprises a wearing course layer and a base course layer disposed below the wearing course layer. The base course layer comprises aggregate and an elastomeric composition. The elastomeric composition comprises the reaction product of an isocyanate component and an isocyanate-reactive component. The isocyanate component comprises a polymeric isocyanate, and optionally, an isocyanate-prepolymer. The isocyanate-reactive component comprises a hydrophobic polyol and a chain extender having at least two hydroxyl groups and a molecular weight of from about 62 to about 220. The chain extender is present in the isocyanate-reactive component in an amount of from about 1 to about 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the isocyanate-reactive component. The wearing course layer comprises aggregate which is the same or different than the aggregate of the base course layer. Methods of forming the composite pavement structure are also disclosed.

A permeable pavement and cured fiber composition and a related method are provided. The permeable pavement composition includes a quantity of pavement material, and a quantity of cured carbon fiber composite material (CCFCM) configured to be added to the pavement material to produce a reinforced composition having improved characteristics. An example of pavement material includes a pervious concrete material. The method includes providing a quantity of pavement material and adding a quantity of cured carbon fiber composite material to the pavement material to produce a reinforced composition having improved characteristics.

A method to provide a fractured subterranean formation includes providing an essentially horizontal wellbore in the subterranean formation and providing fractures in the subterranean formation using a plurality of fracturing fluids. At least one of the fracturing fluids has a specific gravity that exceeds the fracture gradient within the subterranean formation and at least one of the fracturing fluids has a specific gravity that is less than the fracture gradient of the subterranean formation.

A filtering well has a body defining an inner volume, the body having a mineral membrane made of a pervious concrete composition in order to filter water flow into the inner volume of the body. An outlet conduit is in fluid communication with the inner volume for discharging water therefrom. The outlet conduit is formed in the mineral membrane of the body. Other aspects are also disclosed.