The present invention provides for a compressible grout mix for filling an annular gap between a tunnel rock wall surface and a tunnel liner of a tunnel in a rock formation subject to time dependent deformation after excavation and a method of filling the annular gap between a tunnel rock wall surface and a tunnel liner of a tunnel in a rock formation subject to time dependent deformation after excavation utilizing the compressible grout mix for resilient absorption of forces in the hardened state of the compressible grout mix exerted by the time dependent deformation of the rock wall surface into the tunnel opening. The method includes: a. providing the compressible grout mix comprising hydraulic binding agent, bentonite clay, polymer foam particles, water-reducing admixture, water and air, b. placing the compressible grout mix in the annular gap between the tunnel wall rock surface and the tunnel liner, and c. allowing the compressible grout mix to set, wherein the compressible grout mix in the hardened state has a compressible ratio greater than the anticipated time dependent deformation.

A low density annular grout composition for filling voids. The composition may consist of cementitious fly ash, water, set retarder and cellular foam. The composition may have a compressive strength of between 100 and 600 psi at seven days and less than 1500 psi at 28 days. The composition may have a density between 20 and 75 pcf. Also disclosed is a method of filling a void with a low density annular grout composition. The method can include determining the time necessary to fill the void, adding water and set retarder to a cementitious fly ash to make a wet mixture, adding air to the wet mixture, and adding the composition to the void.

Beneficial use structures are disclosed that include coal combustion residuals (CCR) mixed with water and a binder to form a structural material, and adapted to be compacted for use in the formation of the beneficial use structure. Various structures having beneficial uses are described, including compressed air storage facilities and a pumped hydroelectric facility, including such a facility adapted for use with a lock system of a waterway.

A flowable composition. The composition may consist of fly ash, filler, water, and air. The fly ash may be Class C fly and/or Class F fly ash. The filler may be sand. The composition may have a set time of less than 1 hour. The composition may have a compressive strength of between 10 psi and 100 psi after 4 hours. The composition may have a compressive strength of between 50 and 1200 psi at 28 days.

Embodiments of a dry mix for producing a concrete composition are provided. The dry mix includes aggregate, cement, and bed ash. The bed ash contains the combustion product of a fluidized bed coal combustion reaction. Additionally, embodiments of a method of preparing the dry mix and embodiments of a method of preparing a concrete composition are provided. The dry mix is also suitable for repairing soil slips, and embodiments of a method of repairing a soil slip are also provided.

High-strength flowable fill compositions are disclosed. The compositions include cement, aggregate (e.g., sand), water, coloring agent, polymer, and fibers. In an embodiment, the compositions include an accelerant, e.g., calcium chloride or sodium bicarbonate and/or an air entraining agent. In an embodiment, the compositions include a water-proofing agent to eliminate efflorescence. The compositions have a compressive strength of between 300 psi and 3000 psi after 1 day, a compressive strength of between 900 psi and 4000 psi after 7 days, and a compressive strength of between 1200 psi and 5000 psi after 28 days.

The present disclosure relates to a method of cementing comprising: providing a cement composition comprising: water, a cement, and a non-aqueous liquid anti-shrinkage cement additive comprising calcined magnesium oxide and a non-aqueous liquid; introducing the cement composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the cement composition to set in the subterranean formation. Non-aqueous liquid anti-shrinkage cement additives, cement compositions, and systems are also provided.

The present invention relates to a compressible grout mix for use as a fill in applications requiring absorption of compressive or deformation stresses between subterranean formations and subterranean structures as well as a method of filling a gap between subterranean formations and subterranean structures in a subterranean formation subject to compressive or deformation stresses utilizing the compressible grout mix for resilient absorption of forces in the hardened state of the compressible grout mix exerted by the time dependent deformation of the rock wall surface into the tunnel opening. The compressible grout mix contains hydraulic binding agent, polymer foam particles, anti-wash agent, and water and the method includes: a. providing the compressible grout mix containing hydraulic binding agent, polymer foam particles, anti-wash agent, and water, b. placing the compressible grout mix in the gap between the subterranean formation and the subterranean structure, and c. allowing the compressible grout mix to set, wherein the compressible grout mix in the hardened state has a compressible ratio greater than the anticipated compressive and deformation stresses of the subterranean formation.

An apparatus for backfill paste includes a mixing means configured to produce paste, a storage means configured to store paste, and a feeding means configured to feed paste to a borehole. The mixing means and the storing means is formed of a combined storage and mixing means. The feeding means includes a bottom discharge port configured to feed paste from the combined storage and mixing means. The apparatus includes monitoring means configured to monitor the level of paste in the combined storage and mixing means to maintain the level of paste in the combined storage and mixing means above a setpoint value so as to prevent air from entering the borehole from the combined storage and mixing means.

The present disclosure provides a cemented filling material with bionic structure, a preparation method and an application thereof, and belongs to the field of structural modification methods of cemented filling materials and research and development of civil materials with ultra-high energy absorption characteristics. The cemented filling material with bionic structure includes a bionic honeycomb skeleton and cemented filling slurry, where the cemented filling slurry is poured in the bionic honeycomb skeleton.