A stabilization or electro-cementation method of calcareous sand is provided. Calcareous sand, SiO.sub.2 nanoparticles, AI.sub.2O.sub.3 powder and NaCl solution are first mixed. The mixture is treated by passing a DC current through the mixture in which the applied voltage is sufficient as a decomposition voltage of the mixture to cause electrolysis so that pozzolanic reactions can take place within the mixture. Pozzolanic reactions continue to take place beyond the electrokinetic (EK) treatment time. In one embodiment, the post EK treatment time required to achieve hardening caused by pozzolanic reactions can last for at least 60 days. Once the treatment is considered satisfactory, the treated mixture can be tested or loaded. The compressive and shear strengths of the treated sand are significantly improved. The nature of the treated soil is changed from a granular material into a rock. The method has a low carbon footprint compared to other stabilization methods.

A method for increasing soil bearing capacity provides a sustainable and effective solution for the stabilization of saline soil, such as sabkha soil. The present method involves preparing a geopolymer grout including alkali-activated aluminosilicate materials and injecting the geopolymer grout into the soil. In an embodiment, the geopolymer grout can be injected into the soil while the soil is supporting structures thereon.

Methods, systems and compositions for storing carbon dioxide in soil are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the composition comprises at least 35% of cement by weight of the composition; 1-15% of lime by weight of the composition; at least 5% of a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) by weight of the composition; and carbon dioxide, wherein a weight by composition of the carbon dioxide is less than 5%. The composition can further comprise at least 35% of calcium carbonate by weight of the composition.