Provided are a similar material for a rock slope model test under water-rock interaction, and a preparation method and use thereof. The similar material is prepared from raw materials including the following components: an iron powder, a quartz sand, a barite powder, a gypsum, glycerin, water, a gypsum retarding agent, and a dispersible polymer powder. Further, the method for preparing the similar material for a rock slope model test under water-rock interaction is also provided.

Concrete can be one of the most durable building materials and structures made of concrete can have a long service life. Consumption is projected to reach approximately 40 billion tons in 2017. Despite this the testing of concrete at all stages of its life cycle is still in its early stages although testing for corrosion is well established. Further many of the tests today are time consuming, expensive, and provide results only after it has been poured and set. Embodiments of the invention provide concrete suppliers, construction companies, regulators, architects, and others with rapid testing and performance data regarding the cure, performance, corrosion of concrete at different points in its life cycle based upon a simple electrical tests that remove subjectivity, allow for rapid assessment, are integrable to the construction process, and provided full life cycle assessment. Wireless sensors can be embedded from initial loading through post-cure into service life.

For measuring the stress history in a simple form, which is widely applicable to various types of structural materials which the elastic modulus is different from each other, a large number of calcite particles is embedded as a stress sensor in a cement-based composite material that can be elastically deformed after receiving an external. A twin-crystal density of the calcite particles is measured after an external force is applied to the composite material, to convert the twin-crystal density to a strain by an approximate formula set in terms of a strain (%) generated in the composite material and a twin-crystal density Dtw (lines/mm) of the calcite particles, and further to convert this strain to a stress by the elastic modulus of the composite material, whereby to estimate the history of stress and strain. The approximate formula between strain and twin-crystal density is independent of the modulus of the composite material and is used in a common form.

Fiber reinforced aerogel composites, including a transparent composite material that contains an aerogel and fibers embedded into the aerogel and/or bonded to one or more surfaces of the aerogel, and composites that contain an aerogel tile and an assemblage of fibers embedded into the aerogel tile or bonded to the aerogel tile that are useful as Cherenkov radiators for the detection and identification of subatomic particles. Also, methods of making and using the composites.

A method for simulating polyurethane permeation grouting diffusion includes constructing a geometric model of permeation grouting diffusion of polyurethane in a porous medium to be injected based on physical property data of the porous medium to be injected; establishing a physical field of the geometric model using a Richards equation and a dilute species transport equation for a porous medium, and adjusting the geometric model based on a material property parameter of the geometric model obtained based on the physical field; setting a boundary condition and an initial value for an adjusted geometric model, and performing mesh division on the adjusted geometric model based on a local refinement method to obtain a simulation model for permeation grouting diffusion; and solving the simulation model for permeation grouting diffusion using a transient solver to complete the simulation of permeation grouting diffusion of the polyurethane in the porous medium to be injected.