It has been unexpectedly discovered that the addition of a natural or other pozzolan to non-spec coal ash significantly improves the properties of the non-spec coal ash to the extent it can be certified under ASTM C618 and AASHTO 295, as either a Class F or Class C coal ash. The natural pozzolan may be a volcanic ejecta, such as pumice or perlite. Other pozzolans may also be used for this beneficiation process. Many pozzolans are experimentally tested and may be used to beneficiate non-spec coal ash into certifiable Class F coal ash. Additionally, this disclosure provides a method of converting a Class C coal ash to a more valuable Class F coal ash. This discovery will extend diminishing Class F coal ash supplies and turn non-spec coal ash waste streams into valuable, certified coal ash pozzolan which will protect and enhance concrete, mortars and grouts.

Some embodiments of the present invention comprise a method of cementing comprising: placing a settable composition into a well bore, the settable composition comprising remediated coal ash, hydraulic cement, and water; and allowing the settable composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a method of cementing comprising: placing a settable composition into a well bore, the settable composition comprising remediated coal ash, calcium hydroxide (lime), and water; and allowing the settable composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a settable composition comprising: remediated coal ash, hydraulic cement, calcium hydroxide, natural pozzolan and water; and allowing the composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a settable composition comprising remediated coal ash and any combination of hydraulic cement, calcium hydroxide, slag, fly ash, and natural or other pozzolan.

It has been unexpectedly discovered that the addition of a natural or other pozzolan to non-spec coal ash significantly improves the properties of the non-spec coal ash to the extent it can be certified under ASTM C618 and AASHTO 295, as either a Class F or Class C coal ash. The natural pozzolan may be a volcanic ejecta, such as pumice or perlite. Other pozzolans may also be used for this beneficiation process. Many pozzolans are experimentally tested and may be used to beneficiate non-spec coal ash into certifiable Class F coal ash. Additionally, this disclosure provides a method of converting a Class C coal ash to a more valuable Class F coal ash. This discovery will extend diminishing Class F coal ash supplies and turn non-spec coal ash waste streams into valuable, certified coal ash pozzolan which will protect and enhance concrete, mortars and grouts.

The present invention provides a concrete protective agent and a preparation method thereof, and a concrete protective film and a preparation method thereof. The concrete protective agent provided in the present invention includes the following components: water, oxalic acid, a defoaming agent, and a film-forming agent. When the concrete protective agent provided in the present invention is used for concrete protection, oxalic acid in the protective agent can react with calcium ions in concrete for in situ generation of calcium oxalate monohydrate inside and on a surface of concrete to obtain a protective film with strong adhesion to concrete. The film-forming agent in the protective agent is used as a template to adjust and control growth of calcium oxalate crystals, so as to improve waterproof performance and corrosion resistance to sulfate and chloride ions of the protective film. Preparation methods provided in the present invention are simple and practical and are suitable for mass production.

Some embodiments of the present invention comprise a method of cementing comprising: placing a settable composition into a well bore, the settable composition comprising RFA, hydraulic cement, and water; and allowing the settable composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a method of cementing comprising: placing a settable composition into a well bore, the settable composition comprising RFA, calcium hydroxide (lime), and water; and allowing the settable composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a settable composition comprising: RFA, hydraulic cement, calcium hydroxide, natural pozzolan and water; and allowing the composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a settable composition comprising RFA and any combination of hydraulic cement, calcium hydroxide, slag, fly ash, and natural or other pozzolan.

A copolymer includes a main hydrocarbon chain and side groups including carboxylic groups and polyoxyalkylate groups. The copolymer further includes gem-bisphosphonate groups. The copolymer can be included in an admixture for suspensions of mineral particles and in a composition of mineral particles. The copolymer can also be used for fluidifying and maintaining fluid, suspensions of mineral particles and for reducing the sensitivity of hydraulic compositions to clays and alkaline sulfates.

It has been unexpectedly discovered that the addition of a natural or other pozzolan to non-spec fly ash significantly improves the properties of the non-spec fly ash to the extent it can be certified under ASTM C618 and AASHTO 295, as either a Class F or Class C fly ash. The natural pozzolan may be a volcanic ejecta, such as pumice or perlite. Other pozzolans may also be used for this beneficiation process. Many pozzolans are experimentally tested and may be used to beneficiate non-spec fly ash into certifiable Class F fly ash. Additionally, this disclosure provides a method of converting a Class C fly ash to a more valuable Class F fly ash. This discovery will extend diminishing Class F fly ash supplies and turn non-spec fly ash waste streams into valuable, certified fly ash pozzolan which will protect and enhance concrete, mortars and grouts.

It has been unexpectedly discovered that the addition of a natural or other pozzolan to non-spec fly ash significantly improves the properties of the non-spec fly ash to the extent it can be certified under ASTM C618 and AASHTO 295, as either a Class F or Class C fly ash. The natural pozzolan may be a volcanic ejecta, such as pumice or perlite. Other pozzolans may also be used for this beneficiation process. Many pozzolans are experimentally tested and may be used to beneficiate non-spec fly ash into certifiable Class F fly ash. Additionally, this disclosure provides a method of converting a Class C fly ash to a more valuable Class F fly ash. This discovery will extend diminishing Class F fly ash supplies and turn non-spec fly ash waste streams into valuable, certified fly ash pozzolan which will protect and enhance concrete, mortars and grouts.

Some embodiments of the present invention comprise a method of cementing comprising: placing a settable composition into a well bore, the settable composition comprising RFA, hydraulic cement, and water; and allowing the settable composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a method of cementing comprising: placing a settable composition into a well bore, the settable composition comprising RFA, calcium hydroxide (lime), and water; and allowing the settable composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a settable composition comprising: RFA, hydraulic cement, calcium hydroxide, natural pozzolan and water; and allowing the composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a settable composition comprising RFA and any combination of hydraulic cement, calcium hydroxide, slag, fly ash, and natural or other pozzolan.

Some embodiments of the present invention comprise a method of cementing comprising: placing a settable composition into a well bore, the settable composition comprising remediated coal ash, hydraulic cement, and water; and allowing the settable composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a method of cementing comprising: placing a settable composition into a well bore, the settable composition comprising remediated coal ash, calcium hydroxide (lime), and water; and allowing the settable composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a settable composition comprising: remediated coal ash, hydraulic cement, calcium hydroxide, natural pozzolan and water; and allowing the composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a settable composition comprising remediated coal ash and any combination of hydraulic cement, calcium hydroxide, slag, fly ash, and natural or other pozzolan.