A high temperature sag resistant lightweight wallboard. The addition of a small amount of urea (about 0.1%) significantly improves the high-temperature sag resistance on Type X gypsum wallboards. These gypsum wallboards may have a board weight of less than 2100 lbs/msf when cast to have an overall 5.8 inch thickness, and may include glass fibers and/or mineral wool. Also, methods of making the gypsum wallboard and a wall system for employing the gypsum wallboard.

A method for forming cement-based cementitious material includes: pouring a cement paste into a mold; applying an electrical current to the cement paste to perform an electro-osmotic reaction; and transferring the reacted cement paste into a water tank for curing, thereby obtaining a functionally graded cement-based cementitious material. A pair of electrodes is placed in the mold and connected to an external power source. The compressive strength of the functionally graded cement-based cementitious material in the middle is lower than that at either of both ends.

A product includes an aerogel having a single bulk structure, the single bulk structure having at least one dimension greater than 10 millimeters. The single bulk structure includes a plurality of pores, where each pore has a largest diameter defined as a greatest distance between pore walls of the respective pore. In addition, an average of the largest diameters of a majority of the pores is within a specified range, and the plurality of pores are distributed substantially homogenously throughout the single bulk structure.

A light weight geopolymer concrete, having a specific gravity less than 2.0, more typically between 1 and 1.3, is provided that has compressive strength comparable to or greater than ordinary Portland concrete. The light weight geopolymer concrete has low shrinkage, expansion, and cracking, and substantially no loss of compressive strength when exposed to high temperatures of 800° C. or greater, as would occur in a fire. To be useful as a load bearing member for general applications, such as residential housing, the compressive strength of the light-weight geopolymer concrete should be at least 10 MPa, preferably greater than 12 MPa, for example greater than 15 MPa. For more demanding uses, the compressive strength should be near or at the compressive strength of concrete, that is, greater than 20 MPa, preferably greater than 30 MPa, and optimally greater than 35 MPa. To be useful during and after a fire, the strength must not be reduced by more than 20%, preferably not less than 10%, optimally not reduced at all when exposed to heat up to 800° C. Embodiments of the invention include low-density high-temperature-resistant geopolymer concrete which increases load bearing strength when exposed to temperatures above 400° C., preferably at 800° C. Key constituents for forming most embodiments include a geopolymer source such as fly ash, a cement-coated expanded vermiculite, a fiber such as wollastonite, and soluble silicates such as alkali silicates.

A cementitious blend composition and a concrete mix composition preferable for making concrete resistant to high temperatures and alkaline conditions, particularly for making durable concrete for constructing an alumina digester tank in an aluminum smelter. The cementitious blend composition includes at least one hydraulic cement, silica fume (SF), and natural pozzolan (NP), wherein a weight percent ratio of at least one hydraulic cement:SF:NP in the cementitious blend composition lies in the range of (24-63):(5-44):(32-40) with the sum of the weight percentages of the at least one hydraulic cement, the SF, and the NP not exceeding 100%. The concrete mix composition comprises water and the cementitious blend composition, wherein a weight ratio of the water to the cementitious blend composition is 0.2-0.5, and wherein the concrete mix composition has a content of the cementitious blend composition of 400-550 kg/m.sup.3.

A mortar composition, in particular for preparing a viscoelastic structure and/or a fire barrier, including: a) 15-50 wt.-% of a hydraulic binder, b) 5-35 wt.-% of lightweight aggregates, c) 5-25 wt. % of further aggregates which have a particle density that is higher than the particle density of the lightweight aggregates, and d) 10-50 wt.-% of a polymer.

A cementitious composition is provided that includes: (a) pumice; (b) cement; and (c) substantially spherical silica particles.

A mixture along with methods of preparing, uses and/or products made from the mixture and methods of preparing products made from the same. Where the mixture contains 0.5% to 10% by weight of one or more superabsorbent polymers and 90% to 99.5% by weight of one or more protective-colloid-stabilized polymers based on one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers and optionally one or more additives. Where the percentages by weight are based on the dry weight of the mixture and wherein no mineral binder is present within the mixture.

The present invention relates to a process for producing silica-based thermal insulation moulded body comprising at least 50% by weight of synthetic amorphous silica and not more than 50% by weight of natural silica with a specified particle size, thermal insulation moulded body obtainable by this process and the use thereof for thermal and/or acoustic insulation.

A penetration part fireproof covering material used when a penetration part covered for fireproof is formed in a fireproof beam that is a fireproof constructional member that constitutes a wooden building, wherein the penetration part fireproof covering material is formed to have a tubular shape by stacking a plurality of gypsum board pieces (13a) formed from gypsum boards in a thickness direction and unitarily connecting the plurality of gypsum board pieces. The penetration part fireproof covering material is formed to have the tubular shape by stacking the plurality of gypsum board pieces that preferably have an annular shape and are cut out from commercially available gypsum boards having thicknesses of 9.5 mm to 25.5 mm while fixing the plurality of gypsum board pieces to each other preferably using metal fasteners such as staples, and unitarily connecting the plurality of gypsum board pieces.