Disclosed herein is a dual density disc comprising a dense outer tube comprising a metal oxide having a purity of greater than 92%; and a porous core comprising a metal oxide of a lower density than a density of the dense outer tube; wherein the porous core has a metal oxide purity of greater than 99%; where the dense outer tube has an inner tapered surface.

Set forth herein are garnet material compositions, e.g., lithium-stuffed garnets and lithium-stuffed garnets doped with alumina, which are suitable for use as electrolytes and catholytes in solid state battery applications. Also set forth herein are lithium-stuffed garnet thin films having fine grains therein. Disclosed herein are novel and inventive methods of making and using lithium-stuffed garnets as catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes for all solid state lithium rechargeable batteries. Also disclosed herein are novel electrochemical devices which incorporate these garnet catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes. Also set forth herein are methods for preparing novel structures, including dense thin (<50 um) free standing membranes of an ionically conducting material for use as a catholyte, electrolyte, and, or, anolyte, in an electrochemical device, a battery component (positive or negative electrode materials), or a complete solid state electrochemical energy storage device. Also, the methods set forth herein disclose novel sintering techniques, e.g., for heating and/or field assisted (FAST) sintering, for solid state energy storage devices and the components thereof.

The invention relates to a pre-impregnated fibre-reinforced composite material in laminar form, obtained impregnating a fibrous mass with a polymeric binder composition and intended to be subjected to successive forming and pyrolysis operations to produce a fibre-reinforced composite ceramic material. The polymeric binder composition is based on one or more resins chosen from the group consisting of siloxane resins and silsesquioxane resins, and can optionally comprise one or more organic resins. The polymeric binder composition is a liquid with viscosity between 55000 and 10000 mPas at temperatures between 50° C. and 70° C. The polymeric binder composition forms a polymeric binding matrix, not cross-linked or only partially cross-linked that fills the interstices of the fibrous mass. The invention also relates to a method for making said pre-impregnated fibre-reinforced composite material in laminar form. The invention further relates to a fibre-reinforced composite ceramic material, obtained by forming and subsequent pyrolysis of a pre-impregnated fibre-reinforced composite material, as well as a method for making said material.

A dense ceramic sintered body is appropriately manufactured. A manufacturing method for the ceramic sintered body includes: a step of performing heat treatment on a ceramic green body as a green body of ceramic powder under a first condition; a step of performing heat treatment, under a second condition with a higher pressure than the first condition, on the ceramic green body subjected to the heat treatment under the first condition; and a step of performing heat treatment, under a third condition with a higher pressure than the second condition, on the ceramic green body subjected to the heat treatment under the second condition to manufacture the ceramic sintered body.

Embodiments of disclosure may provide a method for forming an aluminum-containing nitride ceramic matrix composite, comprising heating a green body, an aluminum-containing composition, ammonia and a mineralizer composition in a sealable container to a temperature between about 400 degrees Celsius and about 800 degrees Celsius and a pressure between about 10 MPa and about 1000 MPa, to form an aluminum-containing nitride ceramic matrix composite characterized by a phosphor-to-aluminum nitride (AlN) ratio, by volume, between about 1% and about 99%, by a porosity between about 1% and about 50%, and by a thermal conductivity between about 1 watt per meter-Kelvin and about 320 watts per meter-Kelvin. The green body comprises a phosphor powder comprising at least one phosphor composition, wherein the phosphor powder particles are characterized by a D50 diameter between about 100 nanometers and about 500 micrometers, and the green body has a porosity between about 10% and about 80%. The aluminum-containing composition has a purity, on a metals basis, between about 90% and about 99.9999%. The fraction of free volume within the sealable container contains between about 10% and about 95% of liquid ammonia prior to heating the green body, the aluminum-containing composition, ammonia and the mineralizer composition in the sealable container.

As a sintered body for a radiation shielding material, which can effectively shield mainly low-energy-level neutrons, that is, thermal neutrons and lower, slow neutrons, and has excellent physical properties such as bending strength and Vickers hardness, leading to high machining strength, a sintered body for a radiation shielding material comprising LiF ranging between 99 wt. % to 5 wt. %, and one or more fluorides selected from among MgF.sub.2, CaF.sub.2, AlF.sub.3, KF, NaF, and/or YF.sub.3 ranging between 1 wt. % to 95 wt. %, having physical properties of a relative density of 92% or more, a bending strength of 50 MPa or more, and a Vickers hardness of 100 or more, is provided.

A process of forming a sintered article includes heating a green portion of a tape of polycrystalline ceramic and/or minerals in organic binder at a binder removal zone to a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze the binder; horizontally conveying the portion of tape with organic binder removed from the binder removal zone to a sintering zone; and sintering polycrystalline ceramic and/or minerals of the portion of tape at the sintering zone, wherein the tape simultaneously extends through the removal and sintering zones.

A ceramic electronic device includes a multilayer chip in which each of a plurality of dielectric layers and each of a plurality of internal electrode layers are alternately stacked, the plurality of internal electrode layers being alternately exposed to a first end face and a second end face of the multilayer structure. A bent portion, in which the plurality of dielectric layers in a substantially same position along a stacking direction project along the stacking direction, is formed in the multilayer chip. In the bent portion, a through-hole is formed in two or more of the plurality of internal electrode layers. The through-hole is a defect portion in a first direction in which the first end face faces with the second end face and in a second direction that is vertical to the first direction in a plane of the plurality of internal electrode layers.

An electronic component includes a multilayer body including a multilayer main body including end surfaces at which internal nickel electrode layers are exposed, side gap portions, external nickel layers on the end surfaces of the multilayer body, and external copper electrode layers covering the end surfaces on which the external nickel layers are provided. A nickel-based oxide and/or a silicon-based oxide are provided between the external nickel layer and the external copper electrode layer. A nickel layer and a tin layer are provided outside the external copper electrode layer. In a cross section passing through a middle of the electronic component in the width direction and extending in the length direction and the lamination direction, a relationship of about 0.2≤Tea/Tem≤about 1.1 is satisfied.

A carbon foam comprising linear portions and node portions joining the linear portions, wherein the linear portions have a diameter of 0.1 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less, and the carbon foam has a surface with an area of 100 cm.sup.2 or more.