Disclosed is a jointed body wherein multiple base members are jointed to each other through a jointing layer, and at least one of the base members is a base member of a ceramic material, semiconductor or glass. The joint material layer contains a metal and an oxide. The oxide contains V and Te, and is present between the metal and the base members. Disclosed is also a joint material in the form of a paste containing an oxide glass containing V and Te, metal particles, and a solvent; in the form of a foil piece or plate in which particles of an oxide glass containing V and Te are embedded; or in the form of a foil piece or plate containing a layer of an oxide glass containing V and Te, and a layer of a metal.

This method comprises the following steps: providing tubes (2), tube sheets (4) and baffle(s) in a graphite material in a non-impregnated state, positioning tubes, tube sheets and baffle (s) in their non-impregnated state, substantially in the precise position they are intended to occupy, so as to create a functional clearance between tubes and tube sheets impregnating graphite with an impregnation product different from a cement, so as to fill in the pores and so as to form, in said clearance, a bonding film (30) made of said impregnating product, in order to firmly attach the tubes with respect to the tube sheets. Among others, this method makes it possible to avoid any problem due to potential corrosion and leak, has a significantly reduced duration, is improved for what concerns environmental issues and makes it possible to increase both heat transfer area and thermal conductivity of the final exchanger.

A method and apparatus is disclosed for substrate-backed porcelain. A sheet of substrate is secured to a sheet of porcelain. A surface of the substrate is coated with adhesive. A surface of the porcelain is coated with adhesive. The surfaces are joined together by the adhesive. A force is applied across the surfaces to improve adhesion.

A method and apparatus is disclosed for substrate-backed porcelain. A sheet of substrate is secured to a sheet of porcelain. A surface of the substrate is coated with adhesive. A surface of the porcelain is coated with adhesive. The surfaces are joined together by the adhesive. A force is applied across the surfaces to improve adhesion.

The invention relates to a process for producing a metal-ceramic substrate (1), comprising: providing a ceramic element (10), a metal ply (40) and at least one metal layer (30), forming an ensemble (18) of the ceramic element (10), the metal ply (40) and the at least one metal layer (30), forming a gas-tight container (30) surrounding the ceramic element (10), wherein the at least one metal layer (30) is arranged between the ceramic element (10) and the metal ply (40) in the container, andforming the metal-ceramic substrate (1) by hot isostatic pressing.