Processes for forming multimetallic catalysts by grafting nickel precursors to metal oxide supports. Dry reforming reaction catalysts having nickel and promotors grafted to metal oxides supports. Methanation reaction catalysts having nickel and promotors grafted to metal oxides supports.

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water and electricity into low carbon or zero carbon high quality fuels and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an integrated process for the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon dioxide to a product stream comprising hydrocarbons between 5 and 24 carbon atoms in length.

As a hydrocarbon production system that synthesizes hydrocarbons using water and carbon dioxide as raw materials, a hydrocarbon production system capable of producing hydrocarbons by securing hydrogen and carbon monoxide required for hydrocarbon synthesis is provided. In a hydrocarbon production system that produces hydrocarbons from at least water and carbon dioxide, the hydrocarbon production system includes at least an electrolytic reaction unit, a reverse water-gas shift reaction unit, and a hydrocarbon synthesis reaction unit.

A system for a carbon neutral cycle of gas production includes a molten salt reactor configured to generate zero carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) emissions electricity. The system includes a desalination unit configured to receive the zero-CO.sub.2 emissions electricity from the molten salt reactor and produce a desalinated water. The system includes an electrolysis unit configured to be powered by the zero-CO.sub.2 emissions electricity generated by the molten salt reactor and generate hydrogen (H.sub.2) and oxygen (O.sub.2) from the desalinated water. The system includes an oxy-combustion unit configured to receive and combust a hydrocarbon fuel with the O.sub.2 from the electrolysis unit to produce electricity and CO.sub.2. The system includes a CO.sub.2 capture system adapted to capture the CO.sub.2 produced by the oxy-combustion unit and a catalytic hydrogenation unit configured to receive and convert H.sub.2 from the electrolysis unit and CO.sub.2 from the CO.sub.2 capture system to produce the hydrocarbon fuel.

A carbon dioxide conversion system for an environment includes a first gas-liquid contactor-separator downstream of the environment; an electrochemical conversion cell downstream of the first gas-liquid contactor-separator; and a cleaned ionic liquid storage intermediate the first gas-liquid contactor-separator and the electrochemical conversion cell.

A hydrocarbon generation system includes a first generation apparatus configured to generate a hydrocarbon with two or more carbon atoms from a first raw material containing: at least one of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide; and hydrogen. The hydrocarbon generation system includes a second generation apparatus configured to generate methane from a second raw material including: hydrogen; and at least one of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide contained in the first raw material and discharged from the first generation apparatus.

A method for treating carbonaceous material, the method includes a) providing a first carbonaceous material CM1 contaminated with micro-pollutants and/or microplastics, and providing a second carbonaceous material CM2 free of micro-pollutants or microplastics, b) subjecting the first carbonaceous material CM1 to hydrothermal gasification in a HTG reactor, thereby producing an inorganic solid residue, a first gaseous fraction G1 comprising CH.sub.4, CO, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 and a filtrate F1 free of micro-pollutants or microplastics optionally containing readily biodegradable carbons such as VFAs, c) subjecting the second carbonaceous material CM2 together with at least part of the filtrate F1 to an anaerobic treatment step in an anaerobic tank, leading to a digestate free of micro-pollutants or microplastics and optionally a second gaseous fraction G2 containing CH.sub.4 and CO.sub.2. An installation for treating carbonaceous material is also provided.

A fuel producing system includes an electrolyzer that is supplied with a raw material gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor, and electrolyzes the raw material gas to generate a product gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and a first gas-liquid separator that performs gas-liquid separation on the product gas generated in the electrolyzer. Water vapor produced from water separated in the first gas-liquid separator or water vapor produced from water from a water supply source is allowed to be supplied to the electrolyzer in addition to the raw material gas.

A hydrocarbon production system capable of efficiently producing hydrocarbon containing a high-calorie gas by securing hydrogen and carbon monoxide required for hydrocarbon synthesis using water and carbon dioxide as raw materials is obtained. The hydrocarbon production system includes an electrolytic reaction unit that converts water and carbon dioxide into hydrogen and carbon monoxide through an electrolytic reaction, a catalytic reaction unit that converts a product generated by the electrolytic reaction unit into hydrocarbon through a catalytic reaction, and branch paths and that branch a portion of an outlet component of the catalytic reaction unit.

A catalyst for methanation reaction and a method for preparing methane are provided. The catalyst for methanation reaction includes a core, a shell encapsulating the core, and an active metal. The core includes cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2), the shell includes zirconium dioxide (ZrO.sub.2), and the active metal is in particle form and is disposed on an outer surface of the shell layer.