The present invention provides for a composition comprising a heterostructure capable of electrochemical CO reduction to a carbon-carbon product, comprising an inorganic material and a porous molecule. In some embodiments, the heterostructure comprises the following structure: ##STR00001##

The present invention provides for a composition comprising a heterostructure capable of electrochemical CO reduction to a carbon-carbon product, comprising an inorganic material and a porous molecule. In some embodiments, the heterostructure comprises the following structure: ##STR00001##

The present invention provides for a composition comprising a heterostructure capable of electrochemical CO reduction to a carbon-carbon product, comprising an inorganic material and a porous molecule. In some embodiments, the heterostructure comprises the following structure: ##STR00001##

Direct conversion of syngas to light olefins is carried out in a fixed bed or a moving bed reactor with a composite catalyst A+B. The active ingredient of catalyst A is active metal oxide; and catalyst B is one or more than one of zeolite of CHA and AEI structures or metal modified CHA and/or AEI zeolite. A spacing between geometric centers of the active metal oxide of the catalyst A and the particle of the catalyst B is 5 m-40 mm. A spacing between axes of the particles is preferably 100 m-5 mm, and more preferably 200 m-4 mm. A weight ratio of the active ingredients in the catalyst A and the catalyst B is within a range of 0.1-20 times, and preferably 0.3-5.

Direct conversion of syngas to light olefins is carried out in a fixed bed or a moving bed reactor with a composite catalyst A+B. The active ingredient of catalyst A is active metal oxide; and catalyst B is one or more than one of zeolite of CHA and AEI structures or metal modified CHA and/or AEI zeolite. A spacing between geometric centers of the active metal oxide of the catalyst A and the particle of the catalyst B is 5 m-40 mm. A spacing between axes of the particles is preferably 100 m-5 mm, and more preferably 200 m-4 mm. A weight ratio of the active ingredients in the catalyst A and the catalyst B is within a range of 0.1-20 times, and preferably 0.3-5.

The present invention relates to photochemical compositions comprising: a solution comprising an organic solvent, preferably selected from dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, and mixtures thereof with water, a sacrificial electron donor; a proton donor having a pKa in acetonitrile greater than or equal to 28; a photosensitizer whose reduced state has a standard redox potential more negative than 1.45 V vs SCE; and a metal porphyrin complex of formula (I) as defined in claim 1,
useful in the production of CH.sub.4 from CO.sub.2 or CO by photochemical catalysis, to a photochemical cell comprising same and to a method for producing CH.sub.4 from CO.sub.2 or CO by photochemical catalysis using same.

The present invention relates to photochemical compositions comprising: a solution comprising an organic solvent, preferably selected from dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, and mixtures thereof with water, a sacrificial electron donor; a proton donor having a pKa in acetonitrile greater than or equal to 28; a photosensitizer whose reduced state has a standard redox potential more negative than 1.45 V vs SCE; and a metal porphyrin complex of formula (I) as defined in claim 1,
useful in the production of CH.sub.4 from CO.sub.2 or CO by photochemical catalysis, to a photochemical cell comprising same and to a method for producing CH.sub.4 from CO.sub.2 or CO by photochemical catalysis using same.

A method for generating hydrocarbons using a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and a Fischer-Tropsch unit in a single microtubular reactor is described. This method can directly synthesize hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide and water. The method integrates high temperature co-electrolysis of H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 and low temperature Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) process in a single microtubular reactor by designation of a temperature gradient along the axial length of the microtubular reactor. In practice, methods disclosed herein can provide direct conversion of CO.sub.2 to hydrocarbons for use as feedstock or energy storage.

Direct conversion of syngas to light olefins is carried out in a fixed bed or a moving bed reactor with a composite catalyst A+B. The active ingredient of catalyst A is active metal oxide; and catalyst B is one or more than one of zeolite of CHA and AEI structures or metal modified CHA and/or AEI zeolite. A spacing between geometric centers of the active metal oxide of the catalyst A and the particle of the catalyst B is 5 m-40 mm. A spacing between axes of the particles is preferably 100 m-5 mm, and more preferably 200 m-4 mm. A weight ratio of the active ingredients in the catalyst A and the catalyst B is within a range of 0.1-20 times, and preferably 0.3-5.

A method for generating hydrocarbons using a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and a Fischer-Tropsch unit in a single microtubular reactor is described. This method can directly synthesize hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide and water. The method integrates high temperature co-electrolysis of H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 and low temperature Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) process in a single microtubular reactor by designation of a temperature gradient along the axial length of the microtubular reactor. In practice, methods disclosed herein can provide direct conversion of CO.sub.2 to hydrocarbons for use as feedstock or energy storage.