Methods and systems for recovering dicyclopentadiene from pygas are provided. Methods can include heating pygas to generated heated pygas, recovering a C.sub.5 fraction from the heated pygas, and dimerizing cyclopentadiene from the C.sub.5 fraction to form dicyclopentadiene. Methods can further include recovering the C.sub.5 fraction from the pygas in a depentanizer column. Other methods can include heating pygas including dicyclopentadiene to form cyclopentadiene and hydrogenating cyclopentadiene in the pygas to form cyclopentane.

Methods and systems for recovering dicyclopentadiene from pygas are provided. Methods can include heating pygas to generated heated pygas, recovering a C.sub.5 fraction from the heated pygas, and dimerizing cyclopentadiene from the C.sub.5 fraction to form dicyclopentadiene. Methods can further include recovering the C.sub.5 fraction from the pygas in a depentanizer column. Other methods can include heating pygas including dicyclopentadiene to form cyclopentadiene and hydrogenating cyclopentadiene in the pygas to form cyclopentane.

Producing C5 olefins from steam cracker C5 feeds may include reacting a mixed hydrocarbon stream comprising cyclopentadiene, C5 olefins, and C6+ hydrocarbons in a dimerization reactor where cyclopentadiene is dimerized to dicyclopentadiene. The dimerization reactor effluent may be separated into a fraction comprising the C6+ hydrocarbons and dicyclopentadiene and a second fraction comprising C5 olefins and C5 dienes. The second fraction, a saturated hydrocarbon diluent stream, and hydrogen may be fed to a catalytic distillation reactor system for concurrently separating linear C5 olefins from saturated hydrocarbon diluent, cyclic C5 olefins, and C5 dienes contained in the second fraction and selectively hydrogenating C5 dienes. An overhead distillate including the linear C5 olefins and a bottoms product including cyclic C5 olefins are recovered from the catalytic distillation reactor system. Other aspects of the C5 olefin systems and processes, including catalyst configurations and control schemes, are also described.

A formulation and methods for making high energy organic fuels that incorporate suspended metal particles with metal particle sized ranging from 33 nm to 5 micron. The hybrid organic fuels contain superior density and/or energy content to conventional liquid organic fuels. These hybrid organic fuels used in combination with metal particle afford fuels with 5 to 80% more net heat of combustion (based on volume). These fuels should extend the distant range for jets, liquid rocket engines, SCRAM jet engines, and improve energy content in fuel-air explosive applications such as fuel-air explosives and in the Multi-Effects Weapons System (MEWS) where the fuel is used both for propulsion and explosive effects.

A formulation and methods for making high energy organic fuels that incorporate suspended metal particles with metal particle sized ranging from 33 nm to 5 micron. The hybrid organic fuels contain superior density and/or energy content to conventional liquid organic fuels. These hybrid organic fuels used in combination with metal particle afford fuels with 5 to 80% more net heat of combustion (based on volume). These fuels should extend the distant range for jets, liquid rocket engines, SCRAM jet engines, and improve energy content in fuel-air explosive applications such as fuel-air explosives and in the Multi-Effects Weapons System (MEWS) where the fuel is used both for propulsion and explosive effects.

Methods or preparing para-xylene from biomass by carrying out a Diels-Alder cycloaddition at controlled temperatures and activity ratios. Methods of preparing bio-terephthalic acid and bio-poly(ethylene terephthalate (bio-PET) are also disclosed, as well as products formed from bio-PET.

Methods or preparing para-xylene from biomass by carrying out a Diels-Alder cycloaddition at controlled temperatures and activity ratios. Methods of preparing bio-terephthalic acid and bio-poly(ethylene terephthalate (bio-PET) are also disclosed, as well as products formed from bio-PET.

Methods or preparing para-xylene from biomass by carrying out a Diels-Alder cycloaddition at controlled temperatures and activity ratios. Methods of preparing bio-terephthalic acid and bio-poly(ethylene terephthalate (bio-PET) are also disclosed, as well as products formed from bio-PET.

Apparatuses, systems and methods for producing Pips stream for manufacturing catalytic C5 hydrocarbon resins containing all the key reactive monomers that are already present in the C5 fraction of the pyrolysis gasoline, which is otherwise lost with the crude isoprene stream, are disclosed herein. Embodiments of the invention are directed to producing a hydrocarbon resin grade DCPD stream consisting of dimers and codimers of isoprene which are of value in manufacturing thermal hydrocarbon resins, either polymer grade isoprene and gasoline quality raffinate (free or sulfur and acetylenes) or a relatively small crude isoprene stream with maximum utilization of isoprene by moving some of the isoprene to a DCPD stream used to manufacture thermal hydrocarbon resins.

Apparatuses, systems and methods for producing Pips stream for manufacturing catalytic C5 hydrocarbon resins containing all the key reactive monomers that are already present in the C5 fraction of the pyrolysis gasoline, which is otherwise lost with the crude isoprene stream, are disclosed herein. Embodiments of the invention are directed to producing a hydrocarbon resin grade DCPD stream consisting of dimers and codimers of isoprene which are of value in manufacturing thermal hydrocarbon resins, either polymer grade isoprene and gasoline quality raffinate (free or sulfur and acetylenes) or a relatively small crude isoprene stream with maximum utilization of isoprene by moving some of the isoprene to a DCPD stream used to manufacture thermal hydrocarbon resins.