The present invention relates to novel ruthenium-based triazole carbene complexes comprising specific ligands, their preparation and their use as catalysts in hydrogenation processes. Such complex catalysts are inexpensive, thermally robust, gel formation inhibiting and olefin selective.

The present invention relates to novel ruthenium-based triazole carbene complexes comprising specific ligands, their preparation and their use as catalysts in hydrogenation processes. Such complex catalysts are inexpensive, thermally robust, gel formation inhibiting and olefin selective.

The present invention relates to novel ruthenium-based triazole carbene complexes comprising specific ligands, their preparation and their use as catalysts in hydrogenation processes. Such complex catalysts are inexpensive, thermally robust, gel formation inhibiting and olefin selective.

Processes and systems for the production of heavy isoparaffinic hydrocarbons include feeding hydrogen and a mixed isoolefin stream, including C8-C12 olefins, isoolefins, and oligomers, and C8-C12+ hydrogenated hydrocarbons to a trickle-bed reactor system. The hydrogen and mixed isoolefin are reacted over a hydrogenation catalyst, producing a liquid effluent comprising hydrogenated hydrocarbons and unreacted olefins and oligomers, and a vapor effluent comprising hydrogenated hydrocarbons, hydrogen and unreacted olefins and oligomers. The liquid effluent is fed to a first heat exchanger, producing a cooled liquid effluent stream, which is combined with the vapor effluent, producing a mixed phase effluent. The mixed phase effluent is cooled in a second heat exchanger, producing a partially condensed effluent, which is fed to a drum, producing a vent stream, a hydrogenated product stream having greater than 95 wt % C8-C12 saturated hydrocarbons, and a hydrogenated recycle stream. The hydrogenated product stream may be provided to downstream blending systems.

A composite oxide contains 60-95 wt % of aluminum oxide and 5-40 wt % of titanium dioxide. The specific surface area of the composite oxide determined by means of BET method is expressed as X m.sup.2/g. The average pore diameter of the composite oxide determined by means of nitrogen adsorption isothermal curve method is expressed as Y nm. The ratio of X to Y is 5-30. By means of the determination of X-ray diffraction method, titanium dioxide in an anatase crystalline phase in the composite oxide accounts for 95-100 wt % of the total titanium dioxide. X is in the range of 50-200, preferably X is in the range of 60-180, more preferably in the range of 80-150, and Y is in the range of 5-25 nm. A hydrogenation catalyst that contains the composite oxide shows a high vinyl acetylene conversion rate and a high 1,3-butadiene selectivity.

A composite oxide contains 60-95 wt % of aluminum oxide and 5-40 wt % of titanium dioxide. The specific surface area of the composite oxide determined by means of BET method is expressed as X m.sup.2/g. The average pore diameter of the composite oxide determined by means of nitrogen adsorption isothermal curve method is expressed as Y nm. The ratio of X to Y is 5-30. By means of the determination of X-ray diffraction method, titanium dioxide in an anatase crystalline phase in the composite oxide accounts for 95-100 wt % of the total titanium dioxide. X is in the range of 50-200, preferably X is in the range of 60-180, more preferably in the range of 80-150, and Y is in the range of 5-25 nm. A hydrogenation catalyst that contains the composite oxide shows a high vinyl acetylene conversion rate and a high 1,3-butadiene selectivity.