The present invention provides an ethylene separation process comprising an first and second deethanizer columns and an acetylene converter, thereby providing an ethylene stream having a purity of 99 wt % or more to the middle of an ethylene separation column. The present invention increases the production amount of ethylene and also reduces energy consumption by passing the feed through a preliminary ethylene separation process, without having to change existing facilities in which an acetylene converter is provided downstream of the deethanizer column.

Producing C5 olefins from steam cracker C5 feeds may include reacting a mixed hydrocarbon stream comprising cyclopentadiene, C5 olefins, and C6+ hydrocarbons in a dimerization reactor where cyclopentadiene is dimerized to dicyclopentadiene. The dimerization reactor effluent may be separated into a fraction comprising the C6+ hydrocarbons and dicyclopentadiene and a second fraction comprising C5 olefins and C5 dienes. The second fraction, a saturated hydrocarbon diluent stream, and hydrogen may be fed to a catalytic distillation reactor system for concurrently separating linear C5 olefins from saturated hydrocarbon diluent, cyclic C5 olefins, and C5 dienes contained in the second fraction and selectively hydrogenating C5 dienes. An overhead distillate including the linear C5 olefins and a bottoms product including cyclic C5 olefins are recovered from the catalytic distillation reactor system. Other aspects of the C5 olefin systems and processes, including catalyst configurations and control schemes, are also described.

A porous carbon material, wherein a half width (2?) of a diffraction peak (10?) (38? to 49?) by X-ray diffraction is 4.2? or less, and wherein a ratio (mesopore volume/micropore volume) of a mesopore volume (cm.sup.3/g) measured by a BJH method to a micropore volume (cm.sup.3/g) measured by a HK method is 1.20 or more.

A porous carbon material, wherein a half width (2?) of a diffraction peak (10?) (38? to 49?) by X-ray diffraction is 4.2? or less, and wherein a ratio (mesopore volume/micropore volume) of a mesopore volume (cm.sup.3/g) measured by a BJH method to a micropore volume (cm.sup.3/g) measured by a HK method is 1.20 or more.

A long life catalyst is provided that is conveniently and inexpensively capable of being produced and that is highly active and has inhibited metal leakage. According to aspects of the present invention, a catalyst is provided that includes: a polymer including a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units; and metal acting as a catalytic center, wherein at least part of the metal is covered with the polymer, each of the plurality of first structural units has a first atom constituting a main chain of the polymer and a first substituent group bonded to the first atom, a second atom included in each of the plurality of second structural units is bonded to the first atom, and the second atom is different from the first atom, or at least one of all substituent groups on the second atom is different from the first substituent group.

A long life catalyst is provided that is conveniently and inexpensively capable of being produced and that is highly active and has inhibited metal leakage. According to aspects of the present invention, a catalyst is provided that includes: a polymer including a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units; and metal acting as a catalytic center, wherein at least part of the metal is covered with the polymer, each of the plurality of first structural units has a first atom constituting a main chain of the polymer and a first substituent group bonded to the first atom, a second atom included in each of the plurality of second structural units is bonded to the first atom, and the second atom is different from the first atom, or at least one of all substituent groups on the second atom is different from the first substituent group.

A long life catalyst is provided that is conveniently and inexpensively capable of being produced and that is highly active and has inhibited metal leakage. According to aspects of the present invention, a catalyst is provided that includes: a polymer including a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units; and metal acting as a catalytic center, wherein at least part of the metal is covered with the polymer, each of the plurality of first structural units has a first atom constituting a main chain of the polymer and a first substituent group bonded to the first atom, a second atom included in each of the plurality of second structural units is bonded to the first atom, and the second atom is different from the first atom, or at least one of all substituent groups on the second atom is different from the first substituent group.

The present invention provides a method for preparing acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol, which comprises: passing a raw material containing methanol, carbon monoxide and water through a reaction region loaded with a catalyst containing an acidic molecular sieve with an adsorbed organic amine, and carrying out a reaction under the following conditions to prepare acetic acid. The method in the present invention offers high acetic acid selectivity and good catalyst stability. The catalyst in the present invention does not contain noble metals such as rhodium or iridium, and does not need additional agent containing iodine, and thus does not generate a strong corrosive hydroiodic acid and the like.

The present invention provides a method for preparing acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol, which comprises: passing a raw material containing methanol, carbon monoxide and water through a reaction region loaded with a catalyst containing an acidic molecular sieve with an adsorbed organic amine, and carrying out a reaction under the following conditions to prepare acetic acid. The method in the present invention offers high acetic acid selectivity and good catalyst stability. The catalyst in the present invention does not contain noble metals such as rhodium or iridium, and does not need additional agent containing iodine, and thus does not generate a strong corrosive hydroiodic acid and the like.

Producing C5 olefins from steam cracker C5 feeds may include reacting a mixed hydrocarbon stream comprising cyclopentadiene, C5 olefins, and C6+ hydrocarbons in a dimerization reactor where cyclopentadiene is dimerized to dicyclopentadiene. The dimerization reactor effluent may be separated into a fraction comprising the C6+ hydrocarbons and dicyclopentadiene and a second fraction comprising C5 olefins and C5 dienes. The second fraction, a saturated hydrocarbon diluent stream, and hydrogen may be fed to a catalytic distillation reactor system for concurrently separating linear C5 olefins from saturated hydrocarbon diluent, cyclic C5 olefins, and C5 dienes contained in the second fraction and selectively hydrogenating C5 dienes. An overhead distillate including the linear C5 olefins and a bottoms product including cyclic C5 olefins are recovered from the catalytic distillation reactor system. Other aspects of the C5 olefin systems and processes, including catalyst configurations and control schemes, are also described.