Methods of simultaneously converting butanes and methanol to olefins over Ti-containing zeolite catalysts are described. The exothermicity of the alcohols to olefins reaction is matched by endothermicity of dehydrogenation reaction of butane(s) to light olefins resulting in a thermo-neutral process. The Ti-containing zeolites provide excellent selectivity to light olefins as well as exceptionally high hydrothermal stability. The coupled reaction may advantageously be conducted in a staged reactor with methanol/DME conversion zones alternating with zones for butane(s) dehydrogenation. The resulting light olefins can then be reacted with iso-butane to produce high-octane alkylate. The net result is a highly efficient and low cost method for converting methanol and butanes to alkylate.

Disclosed is a process for the conversion of acyclic C.sub.5 feedstock to a product comprising cyclic C.sub.5 compounds, including cyclopentadiene, and formulated catalyst compositions for use in such process. The process comprises contacting the feedstock and, optionally, hydrogen under acyclic C.sub.5 conversion conditions in the presence of a catalyst composition to form the product. The catalyst composition comprises a microporous crystalline metallosilicate, a Group 10 metal or compound thereof, a binder, optionally, a metal selected from the group consisting of rare earth metals, metals of Groups 8, 9, or 11, mixtures or combinations thereof, or a compound thereof, in combination with a Group 1 alkali metal or a compound thereof and/or a Group 2 alkaline earth metal or a compound thereof.

Disclosed is a process for the conversion of acyclic C.sub.5 feedstock to a product comprising cyclic C.sub.5 compounds, including cyclopentadiene, and formulated catalyst compositions for use in such process. The process comprises contacting the feedstock and, optionally, hydrogen under acyclic C.sub.5 conversion conditions in the presence of a catalyst composition to form the product. The catalyst composition comprises a microporous crystalline metallosilicate, a Group 10 metal or compound thereof, a binder, optionally, a metal selected from the group consisting of rare earth metals, metals of Groups 8, 9, or 11, mixtures or combinations thereof, or a compound thereof, in combination with a Group 1 alkali metal or a compound thereof and/or a Group 2 alkaline earth metal or a compound thereof.

Disclosed is a process for the conversion of acyclic C.sub.5 feedstock to a product comprising cyclic C.sub.5 compounds, including cyclopentadiene, and formulated catalyst compositions for use in such process. The process comprises contacting the feedstock and, optionally, hydrogen under acyclic C.sub.5 conversion conditions in the presence of a catalyst composition to form the product. The catalyst composition comprises a microporous crystalline metallosilicate, a Group 10 metal or compound thereof, a binder, optionally, a metal selected from the group consisting of rare earth metals, metals of Groups 8, 9, or 11, mixtures or combinations thereof, or a compound thereof, in combination with a Group 1 alkali metal or a compound thereof and/or a Group 2 alkaline earth metal or a compound thereof.

A preparation process of 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, including: introducing dicyclopentadiene into a dicyclopentadiene decomposition reactor to thermally decompose the dicyclopentadiene; introducing a product of the above step into a cyclopentadiene purification tower; introducing 1,3-butadiene, a solvent, and cyclopentadiene separated from the top of the cyclopentadiene purification tower into a Diels-Alder reactor to react the same; introducing a product of the immediate above step into a 1,3-butadiene removal tower to recover 1,3-butadiene from the top; introducing a mixture at the bottom of the 1,3-butadiene removal tower into a desolvation tower, and recycling a solvent and unreacted raw materials recovered from the top of the desolvation tower to the dicyclopentadiene decomposition reactor; introducing a mixture at the bottom of the desolvation tower into a 5-vinyl-2-norbornene separation tower to separate 5-vinyl-2-norbornene; and introducing the 5-vinyl-2-norbornene into an isomerization reactor to react the same.

Disclosed are a catalytic method and system for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from aliphatic hydrocarbons or light naphtha. In an aspect, the process comprises adding a diluent comprising a heavy aromatic hydrocarbon (for example, C.sub.7-C.sub.9+) to a reactor feedstock comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons (for example, C.sub.6-C.sub.8) or light naphtha to form a reactor feed stream, such that the heat capacity of reactor feed stream is higher than the heat capacity of feedstock. The reactor feed stream is heated and contacting with a catalyst under conditions sufficient to aromatize at least a portion of the aliphatic hydrocarbons and form a product stream comprising a primary aromatic hydrocarbon product and a heavy aromatic hydrocarbon product. In an aspect, the diluent can comprise a heavy aromatic hydrocarbon having at least one carbon atom more than the primary aromatic hydrocarbon product.

A hydrogen generation system including: a reformer generating hydrogen-containing gas using a raw material and reforming water; a combustor combusting hydrogen-containing gas and air and generating exhaust gas; a first channel passing cooling water; a condenser generating condensed water by heat exchange between exhaust gas and cooling water; a tank storing condensed water as cooling water; a pump supplying cooling water from the tank to the condenser; a second channel branching at a branch between the pump and condenser in the first channel, and passing some cooling water to the reformer as reforming water; a heater provided downstream of the branch, and heating the first channel; a temperature detector detecting the temperature of the first channel; and a controller, in an activation operation mode, determining whether the second channel is filled with reforming water, based on the temperature detected by the temperature detector after the heater has operated.

A hydrogen generation system including: a reformer generating hydrogen-containing gas using a raw material and reforming water; a combustor combusting hydrogen-containing gas and air and generating exhaust gas; a first channel passing cooling water; a condenser generating condensed water by heat exchange between exhaust gas and cooling water; a tank storing condensed water as cooling water; a pump supplying cooling water from the tank to the condenser; a second channel branching at a branch between the pump and condenser in the first channel, and passing some cooling water to the reformer as reforming water; a heater provided downstream of the branch, and heating the first channel; a temperature detector detecting the temperature of the first channel; and a controller, in an activation operation mode, determining whether the second channel is filled with reforming water, based on the temperature detected by the temperature detector after the heater has operated.

This invention relates to processes and systems for converting acyclic hydrocarbons to alkenes, cyclic hydrocarbons and/or aromatics, for example converting acyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbons to cyclopentadiene in a reactor system. The process includes contacting a feedstock comprising acyclic hydrocarbons with a catalyst material in at least one reaction zone to convert at least a portion of the acyclic hydrocarbons to a first effluent comprising alkenes, cyclic hydrocarbons and/or aromatics. A co-feed comprising H.sub.2, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkanes and/or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkenes may also be provided to the at least one reaction zone.

This invention relates to processes and systems for converting acyclic hydrocarbons to alkenes, cyclic hydrocarbons and/or aromatics, for example converting acyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbons to cyclopentadiene in a reactor system. The process includes contacting a feedstock comprising acyclic hydrocarbons with a catalyst material in at least one reaction zone to convert at least a portion of the acyclic hydrocarbons to a first effluent comprising alkenes, cyclic hydrocarbons and/or aromatics. A co-feed comprising H.sub.2, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkanes and/or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkenes may also be provided to the at least one reaction zone.