The invention relates to biosourced vinylidene difluoride. The invention also relates to methods for preparation of biosourced vinylidene difluoride from various renewable raw materials. The invention also relates to homopolymers of vinylidene difluoride obtained from polymerization of said monomer, and also copolymers obtained by copolymerization of said monomer with one or several compatible comonomers. Finally, the invention relates to the use of said homopolymers or copolymers in applications, such as chemical engineering or electronics, in particular mass-market electronic devices.

The present application discloses a 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-based phosphine ligand, an intermediate, a preparation method and uses thereof. The compound of phosphine ligand is a compound having a structure represented by formula I or formula II, or an enantiomer, a raceme, or diastereomer thereof. The phosphine ligand can be prepared via a preparation scheme in which the cheap and easily available 6,6′-dihydroxyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane is used as a raw material and the compound represented by formula III serves as the key intermediate. The new phosphine ligand developed by the present application can be used in catalytic organic reaction, in particular as a chiral phosphine ligand that is widely used in many asymmetric catalytic reactions including asymmetric hydrogenation and asymmetric allyl alkylation, and thus it has economic practicability and industrial application prospect.

##STR00001##

The present application discloses a 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-based phosphine ligand, an intermediate, a preparation method and uses thereof. The compound of phosphine ligand is a compound having a structure represented by formula I or formula II, or an enantiomer, a raceme, or diastereomer thereof. The phosphine ligand can be prepared via a preparation scheme in which the cheap and easily available 6,6′-dihydroxyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane is used as a raw material and the compound represented by formula III serves as the key intermediate. The new phosphine ligand developed by the present application can be used in catalytic organic reaction, in particular as a chiral phosphine ligand that is widely used in many asymmetric catalytic reactions including asymmetric hydrogenation and asymmetric allyl alkylation, and thus it has economic practicability and industrial application prospect.

##STR00001##

A process for producing carbon tetrachloride comprising reacting i) chlorine, ii) a C.sub.1 chlorinated compound comprising 1 to 3 chlorine atoms, and iii) a carbon/second chlorine source, wherein the second chlorine source comprises a range of multichlorinated C.sub.3 hydrocarbons, said range being obtained as waste products from the industrial production of 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane and/or 1,1,3,3 -tetrachloropropene.

A process for producing carbon tetrachloride comprising reacting i) chlorine, ii) a C.sub.1 chlorinated compound comprising 1 to 3 chlorine atoms, and iii) a carbon/second chlorine source, wherein the second chlorine source comprises a range of multichlorinated C.sub.3 hydrocarbons, said range being obtained as waste products from the industrial production of 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane and/or 1,1,3,3 -tetrachloropropene.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination, and a method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH.sub.3Cl) by using the sulfated metal oxide catalyst. A sulfated zirconia catalyst and a sulfated tin oxide catalyst are disclosed as the sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination, and a method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH.sub.3Cl) by using the sulfated metal oxide catalyst. A sulfated zirconia catalyst and a sulfated tin oxide catalyst are disclosed as the sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination, and a method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH.sub.3Cl) by using the sulfated metal oxide catalyst. A sulfated zirconia catalyst and a sulfated tin oxide catalyst are disclosed as the sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination.

A chlorinolysis process for producing carbon tetrachloride comprising providing a chlorination zone at an operating temperature of from 400 to 600 C. with i) chlorine, ii) a C1 chlorinated compound comprising 1 to 3 chlorine atoms and iii) a carbon/second chlorine source to produce a reaction mixture, and, after a residence time, extracting a product mixture from the chlorination zone, the product mixture comprising carbon tetrachloride and optionally perchloroethylene, wherein the product mixture comprises a higher molar content of carbon tetrachloride than perchloroethylene, if present.

A chlorinolysis process for producing carbon tetrachloride comprising providing a chlorination zone at an operating temperature of from 400 to 600 C. with i) chlorine, ii) a C1 chlorinated compound comprising 1 to 3 chlorine atoms and iii) a carbon/second chlorine source to produce a reaction mixture, and, after a residence time, extracting a product mixture from the chlorination zone, the product mixture comprising carbon tetrachloride and optionally perchloroethylene, wherein the product mixture comprises a higher molar content of carbon tetrachloride than perchloroethylene, if present.