A polymer compound is provided having a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, a mono-valent aromatic heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group, and Ar.sup.1 represents an arylene group or a di-valent condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic group.

A polymer compound is provided having a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, a mono-valent aromatic heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group, and Ar.sup.1 represents an arylene group or a di-valent condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic group.

A polymer compound is provided having a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, a mono-valent aromatic heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group, and Ar.sup.1 represents an arylene group or a di-valent condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic group.

Using a combination of Kumada, Suzuki and Biellmann chemistry, various menaquinones can synthesised rapidly and with stereochemical integrity offering a new way of preparing these vitamin K2 components for the pharmaceutical market. In one embodiment a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## is defined including a step in which (i) a compound of formula (II) is reacted with a compound of formula (III)

##STR00002## wherein R is an alkyl group; LG is a leaving group; m is an integer from 0 to 8; n is an integer of from 0 to 9; and X is hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl; in the presence of a copper, nickel or palladium catalyst.

Using a combination of Kumada, Suzuki and Biellmann chemistry, various menaquinones can synthesised rapidly and with stereochemical integrity offering a new way of preparing these vitamin K2 components for the pharmaceutical market. In one embodiment a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## is defined including a step in which (i) a compound of formula (II) is reacted with a compound of formula (III)

##STR00002## wherein R is an alkyl group; LG is a leaving group; m is an integer from 0 to 8; n is an integer of from 0 to 9; and X is hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl; in the presence of a copper, nickel or palladium catalyst.

Using a combination of Kumada, Suzuki and Biellmann chemistry, various menaquinones can synthesised rapidly and with stereochemical integrity offering a new way of preparing these vitamin K2 components for the pharmaceutical market. In one embodiment a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## is defined including a step in which (i) a compound of formula (II) is reacted with a compound of formula (III)

##STR00002## wherein R is an alkyl group; LG is a leaving group; m is an integer from 0 to 8; n is an integer of from 0 to 9; and X is hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl; in the presence of a copper, nickel or palladium catalyst.

The present invention discloses recyclable polymeric catalyst of Formula I, for chlorination of organic acids and alcohols using chlorinating agents such as carbonyl chloride, oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride,

##STR00001##

wherein, ‘m’ on the pendent groups on polystyrene backbone can have values from 1 to 5 and R is the alkyl group ranging from C1 to C5.

The present invention discloses recyclable polymeric catalyst of Formula I, for chlorination of organic acids and alcohols using chlorinating agents such as carbonyl chloride, oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride,

##STR00001##

wherein, ‘m’ on the pendent groups on polystyrene backbone can have values from 1 to 5 and R is the alkyl group ranging from C1 to C5.

A method of implementing organic synthesis reactions uses a composition containing a metal catalyst originating from a calcined plant. The plants can be from the Brassicaceae, Sapotaceae and Convolvulaceae family, and the metal catalyst contains metal in the M(II) form such as zinc, nickel, manganese, lead, cadmium, calcium, magnesium or copper. Examples of the organic synthesis reactions include halogenations, electrophilic reactions, cycloadditions, transesterification reactions and coupling reactions, among others.

A method of implementing organic synthesis reactions uses a composition containing a metal catalyst originating from a calcined plant. The plants can be from the Brassicaceae, Sapotaceae and Convolvulaceae family, and the metal catalyst contains metal in the M(II) form such as zinc, nickel, manganese, lead, cadmium, calcium, magnesium or copper. Examples of the organic synthesis reactions include halogenations, electrophilic reactions, cycloadditions, transesterification reactions and coupling reactions, among others.