Provided are a method for producing an anion exchange resin which is capable of producing an electrolyte membrane with excellent mechanical property (strength).

A monomer for forming a hydrophobic group is reacted with a monomer for forming a hydrophilic group in the presence of bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) as a catalyst, 2,2′-bipyridine as a co-ligand, a bromide or an iodide as a co-catalyst, and a reducing agent to produce an anion exchange resin where the hydrophobic group is connected to the hydrophilic group via direct bond, in which a mole number of bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) is 0.3 to 1.8 times a total mole number of the monomer for forming a hydrophobic group and the monomer for forming a hydrophilic group.

The invention discloses a method for the preparation of fluoro alkylated compounds by homogeneous Ni catalyzed fluoro alkylation with fluoro alkyl halides in the presence of a base.

The invention discloses a method for the preparation of fluoro alkylated compounds by homogeneous Ni catalyzed fluoro alkylation with fluoro alkyl halides in the presence of a base.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing a difluoromethylene compound, in particular, a simple method for producing a difluoromethylene compound. This problem is solved by a method for producing a difluoromethylene compound (I) containing at least one —CF.sub.2— moiety, the method comprising step A of allowing IF.sub.5 and a disulfide compound (III) of the formula: R.sup.A—S—S—R.sup.A (wherein R.sup.A, in each occurrence, independently represents aryl optionally having at least one substituent or alkyl optionally having at least one substituent) to act on a carbonyl compound (II) containing at least one —C(O)— moiety.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing a difluoromethylene compound, in particular, a simple method for producing a difluoromethylene compound. This problem is solved by a method for producing a difluoromethylene compound (I) containing at least one —CF.sub.2— moiety, the method comprising step A of allowing IF.sub.5 and a disulfide compound (III) of the formula: R.sup.A—S—S—R.sup.A (wherein R.sup.A, in each occurrence, independently represents aryl optionally having at least one substituent or alkyl optionally having at least one substituent) to act on a carbonyl compound (II) containing at least one —C(O)— moiety.

The present invention has the effect of making it possible to produce 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-bisarylethane efficiently by a simple procedure by condensing a mixture of fluoral and hydrogen fluoride with an aryl compound under anhydrous conditions. The purity of the 1,1, 1-trifluoro-2, 2-bisarylethane obtained can be raised by a simple purification method such as crystallization or distillation. The obtained 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-bisarylethane can be increased in purity by a simple purification method such as crystallization operation or distillation.

The present invention has the effect of making it possible to produce 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-bisarylethane efficiently by a simple procedure by condensing a mixture of fluoral and hydrogen fluoride with an aryl compound under anhydrous conditions. The purity of the 1,1, 1-trifluoro-2, 2-bisarylethane obtained can be raised by a simple purification method such as crystallization or distillation. The obtained 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-bisarylethane can be increased in purity by a simple purification method such as crystallization operation or distillation.

A polyimide which is obtained by a reaction of an aromatic diamine having a 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-ethanediyl group (—C(CF.sub.3)H—), as a linkage skeleton, with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride is easily dissolved in an organic solvent and exhibits excellent film forming properties. In addition, the thus-obtained polyimide can be used for an optical film and a display device.

This method for producing a fullerene derivative is a method for producing a fullerene derivative having a partial structure shown by formula (1) by reacting a predetermined halogenated compound and two carbon atoms adjacent to each other for forming a fullerene skeleton in a mixed solvent of an aromatic solvent and an aprotic polar solvent having a C═O or S═O bond in the presence of at least one metal selected from the group comprising manganese, iron, and zinc; ##STR00001##
(in formula (1), C* are each carbon atoms adjacent to each other for forming a fullerene skeleton, A is a linking group having 1-4 carbon atoms for forming a ring structure with two C*, in which a portion thereof may be a substituted or condensed group).

This method for producing a fullerene derivative is a method for producing a fullerene derivative having a partial structure shown by formula (1) by reacting a predetermined halogenated compound and two carbon atoms adjacent to each other for forming a fullerene skeleton in a mixed solvent of an aromatic solvent and an aprotic polar solvent having a C═O or S═O bond in the presence of at least one metal selected from the group comprising manganese, iron, and zinc; ##STR00001##
(in formula (1), C* are each carbon atoms adjacent to each other for forming a fullerene skeleton, A is a linking group having 1-4 carbon atoms for forming a ring structure with two C*, in which a portion thereof may be a substituted or condensed group).