To provide a novel fluorine-containing compound that does not include any long chain perfluoroalkyl unit having 8 or more carbon atoms, which is problematic in terms of the environment, and that is excellent in water repellency/oil repellency, and a surface modifier using the compound. [Solution] There are used a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following general formula (1), the following general formula (2) or the following general formula (5): Rf.sup.1(CR.sup.1CR.sup.2XRf.sup.2).sub.nYZ (1), Rf.sup.1(XCR.sup.1CR.sup.2Rf.sup.2).sub.nYZ (2) or Rf.sup.3(CFCR.sup.3CR.sup.4CFRf.sup.4).sub.nYZ (5); and a surface modifier using the compound.

To provide a novel fluorine-containing compound that does not include any long chain perfluoroalkyl unit having 8 or more carbon atoms, which is problematic in terms of the environment, and that is excellent in water repellency/oil repellency, and a surface modifier using the compound. [Solution] There are used a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following general formula (1), the following general formula (2) or the following general formula (5): Rf.sup.1(CR.sup.1CR.sup.2XRf.sup.2).sub.nYZ (1), Rf.sup.1(XCR.sup.1CR.sup.2Rf.sup.2).sub.nYZ (2) or Rf.sup.3(CFCR.sup.3CR.sup.4CFRf.sup.4).sub.nYZ (5); and a surface modifier using the compound.

The present application provides, among other things, compounds and methods for metathesis reactions. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and/or stereoselectivity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and Z-selectivity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and E-selectivity. In some embodiments, provided technologies are particularly useful for preparing alkenyl fluorides. In some embodiments, a provided compound useful for metathesis reactions has the structure of formula II-a. In some embodiments, a provided compound useful for metathesis reactions has the structure of formula II-b.

The present application provides, among other things, compounds and methods for metathesis reactions. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and/or stereoselectivity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and Z-selectivity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and E-selectivity. In some embodiments, provided technologies are particularly useful for preparing alkenyl fluorides. In some embodiments, a provided compound useful for metathesis reactions has the structure of formula II-a. In some embodiments, a provided compound useful for metathesis reactions has the structure of formula II-b.

The present application provides, among other things, compounds and methods for metathesis reactions. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and/or stereoselectivity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and Z-selectivity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and E-selectivity. In some embodiments, provided technologies are particularly useful for preparing alkenyl fluorides. In some embodiments, a provided compound useful for metathesis reactions has the structure of formula II-a. In some embodiments, a provided compound useful for metathesis reactions has the structure of formula II-b.

The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I ##STR00001##
where one or more of the radicals A.sup.1-5 denote a 1,4-naphthylene or 1,4- or 9,10-anthracenylene radical, and the other parameters are as defined in Claim 1. The invention additionally includes liquid-crystalline media which comprise the title compounds, and components for high-frequency technology which comprise these media, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennae.

The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I ##STR00001##
where one or more of the radicals A.sup.1-5 denote a 1,4-naphthylene or 1,4- or 9,10-anthracenylene radical, and the other parameters are as defined in Claim 1. The invention additionally includes liquid-crystalline media which comprise the title compounds, and components for high-frequency technology which comprise these media, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennae.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing 3-chloro-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2-pentene. Provided is a method for producing 3-chloro-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2-pentene, comprising a step of reacting 1,1,1,3,3,5,5,5-octachloropentane with hydrogen fluoride. Also provided are a method for producing 3-chloro-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2-pentene, comprising a step of reacting 1,1,3-trichloro-5,5,5-trifluoro-1,3-pentadiene with hydrogen fluoride, and a method for producing 3-chloro-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2-pentene, comprising a step of reacting 1,1,3,5,5,5-hexachloro-1,3-pentadiene with hydrogen fluoride.

Described herein are methods for making intermediates useful in the production of fragrance ingredients starting from myrcene. In particular, methods for making geranyl chloride, (E)-6,10-dimethylundeca-1,5,9-triene and (E)-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,9-dien-1-yne are described. Methods for making other intermediates in the process are also described.

Described herein are methods for making intermediates useful in the production of fragrance ingredients starting from myrcene. In particular, methods for making geranyl chloride, (E)-6,10-dimethylundeca-1,5,9-triene and (E)-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,9-dien-1-yne are described. Methods for making other intermediates in the process are also described.