Phenyl rings provide a robust scaffold for molecular design, given the limited number of ring carbon atoms and the fixed geometry in between. However, it can be difficult to form highly substituted phenyl rings suitable for covalent attachment of multiple moieties thereto. Moreover, binding phenyl rings to a surface in a fixed geometry may be difficult. Hexasubstituted benzenes having certain structural features may alleviate the foregoing difficulties by providing versatile groups for further functionalization and surface attachment. Such hexasubstituted benzenes may have a structure of

##STR00001##

in which each X is independently Cl, Br or N.sub.3, and each Z is independently —CH(Br)CH.sub.3, —CH(N.sub.3)CH.sub.3, —CH═CH.sub.2, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2SiR′.sub.3 (R′=hydrocarbyl), or

##STR00002##

Alternating groups in the hexasubstituted benzenes may be directed toward opposite faces of the phenyl ring, such that orthogonal reactive groups are directed toward the opposite faces. Certain groups may facilitate surface attachment of the hexasubstituted benzenes.

Phenyl rings provide a robust scaffold for molecular design, given the limited number of ring carbon atoms and the fixed geometry in between. However, it can be difficult to form highly substituted phenyl rings suitable for covalent attachment of multiple moieties thereto. Moreover, binding phenyl rings to a surface in a fixed geometry may be difficult. Hexasubstituted benzenes having certain structural features may alleviate the foregoing difficulties by providing versatile groups for further functionalization and surface attachment. Such hexasubstituted benzenes may have a structure of

##STR00001##

in which each X is independently Cl, Br or N.sub.3, and each Z is independently —CH(Br)CH.sub.3, —CH(N.sub.3)CH.sub.3, —CH═CH.sub.2, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2SiR′.sub.3 (R′=hydrocarbyl), or

##STR00002##

Alternating groups in the hexasubstituted benzenes may be directed toward opposite faces of the phenyl ring, such that orthogonal reactive groups are directed toward the opposite faces. Certain groups may facilitate surface attachment of the hexasubstituted benzenes.

The present invention relates to methods of controlling hydroformylation processes for producing normal (N) and iso (I) aldehydes at a N:I ratio. In one aspect, a method of controlling a hydroformylation process comprises contacting an olefin with carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a catalyst, the catalyst comprising (A) a transition metal, (B) a monophosphine, and (C) a tetraphosphine having the structure described herein, the contacting conducted in one or more reaction zones and at hydroformylation conditions to produce a blend of normal (N) and iso (I) aldehydes at a N:I ratio, the method comprising at least one of increasing the N:I ratio by adding additional tetraphosphine to a reaction zone; decreasing the N:I ratio by adding additional monophosphine to a reaction zone; or increasing the N:I ratio by volatilization of the free monophosphine.

The present invention relates to methods of controlling hydroformylation processes for producing normal (N) and iso (I) aldehydes at a N:I ratio. In one aspect, a method of controlling a hydroformylation process comprises contacting an olefin with carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a catalyst, the catalyst comprising (A) a transition metal, (B) a monophosphine, and (C) a tetraphosphine having the structure described herein, the contacting conducted in one or more reaction zones and at hydroformylation conditions to produce a blend of normal (N) and iso (I) aldehydes at a N:I ratio, the method comprising at least one of increasing the N:I ratio by adding additional tetraphosphine to a reaction zone; decreasing the N:I ratio by adding additional monophosphine to a reaction zone; or increasing the N:I ratio by volatilization of the free monophosphine.

Phenyl rings provide a robust scaffold for molecular design, given the limited number of ring carbon atoms and the fixed geometry in between. However, it can be difficult to form highly substituted phenyl rings suitable for covalent attachment of multiple moieties thereto. Moreover, binding phenyl rings to a surface in a fixed geometry may be difficult. Hexasubstituted benzenes having certain structural features may alleviate the foregoing difficulties by providing versatile groups for further functionalization and surface attachment. Such hexasubstituted benzenes may have a structure of

##STR00001##

in which each X is independently Cl, Br or N.sub.3, and each Z is independently —CH(Br)CH.sub.3, —CH(N.sub.3)CH.sub.3, —CH═CH.sub.2, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2SiR′.sub.3 (R′=hydrocarbyl), or

##STR00002##

Alternating groups in the hexasubstituted benzenes may be directed toward opposite faces of the phenyl ring, such that orthogonal reactive groups are directed toward the opposite faces. Certain groups may facilitate surface attachment of the hexasubstituted benzenes.

Phenyl rings provide a robust scaffold for molecular design, given the limited number of ring carbon atoms and the fixed geometry in between. However, it can be difficult to form highly substituted phenyl rings suitable for covalent attachment of multiple moieties thereto. Moreover, binding phenyl rings to a surface in a fixed geometry may be difficult. Hexasubstituted benzenes having certain structural features may alleviate the foregoing difficulties by providing versatile groups for further functionalization and surface attachment. Such hexasubstituted benzenes may have a structure of

##STR00001##

in which each X is independently Cl, Br or N.sub.3, and each Z is independently —CH(Br)CH.sub.3, —CH(N.sub.3)CH.sub.3, —CH═CH.sub.2, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2SiR′.sub.3 (R′=hydrocarbyl), or

##STR00002##

Alternating groups in the hexasubstituted benzenes may be directed toward opposite faces of the phenyl ring, such that orthogonal reactive groups are directed toward the opposite faces. Certain groups may facilitate surface attachment of the hexasubstituted benzenes.

A process that allows halogenation at the alpha-H position of alkylarenes, optionally further substituted on the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, is described.

A process that allows halogenation at the alpha-H position of alkylarenes, optionally further substituted on the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, is described.

The present invention relates to the use of compounds for structuring of at least one functional layer of an organic electronic device. The present invention further relates to preferred compounds suitable for use in electronic devices, and to electronic devices, especially organic electroluminescent devices, comprising these compounds.

The present invention relates to the use of compounds for structuring of at least one functional layer of an organic electronic device. The present invention further relates to preferred compounds suitable for use in electronic devices, and to electronic devices, especially organic electroluminescent devices, comprising these compounds.