Disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing an aryl fluorosulfonate and a fluorinating reagent to a reaction mixture; and reacting the aryl fluorosulfonate and the fluorinating reagent to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Also disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing, a salt comprising a cation and an aryloxylate, and SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to a reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2 and the ammonium salt to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Further disclosed a fluorination method comprising providing a compound having the structure ArOH to a reaction mixture; where Ar is an aryl or heteroaryl; providing SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to the reaction mixture; providing a fluorinating reagent to the reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2, the fluorinating reagent and the compound having the structure ArOH to provide a fluorinated aryl species having the structure ArF.

An electrolyte for a lithium-containing battery cell is described. The electrolyte includes a solvent having at least one carbonate ester, and at least one lithium salt having a concentration ranging from 3 mol/liter to 15 mol/liter in the solvent. The electrolyte also includes a diluent that includes an aromatic fluorocarbon. In some embodiments, the solution of the at least one lithium salt and the solvent is a supersaturated solution for at least some operating temperatures of the battery cell. Also described are lithium-containing battery cells that include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the electrolyte.

An electrolyte for a lithium-containing battery cell is described. The electrolyte includes a solvent having at least one carbonate ester, and at least one lithium salt having a concentration ranging from 3 mol/liter to 15 mol/liter in the solvent. The electrolyte also includes a diluent that includes an aromatic fluorocarbon. In some embodiments, the solution of the at least one lithium salt and the solvent is a supersaturated solution for at least some operating temperatures of the battery cell. Also described are lithium-containing battery cells that include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the electrolyte.

Provided is a method for preparing a deuterated anthracene compound, the method including synthesizing a deuterated anthracene compound by reacting a halogenated benzene having at least one deuterium with a compound of Chemical Formula 1:

##STR00001##

wherein Ar1 is deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group; and Ar2 is hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group. Also provided are a reaction composition, a deuterated anthracene compound, and a composition containing the deuterated anthracene compound.

Provided is a method for preparing a deuterated anthracene compound, the method including synthesizing a deuterated anthracene compound by reacting a halogenated benzene having at least one deuterium with a compound of Chemical Formula 1:

##STR00001##

wherein Ar1 is deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group; and Ar2 is hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group. Also provided are a reaction composition, a deuterated anthracene compound, and a composition containing the deuterated anthracene compound.

Disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing an aryl fluorosulfonate and a fluorinating reagent to a reaction mixture; and reacting the aryl fluorosulfonate and the fluorinating reagent to provide a fluorinated aryl species.

Also disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing, a salt comprising a cation and an aryloxylate, and SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to a reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2 and the ammonium salt to provide a fluorinated aryl species.

Further disclosed a fluorination method comprising providing a compound having the structure ArOH to a reaction mixture; where Ar is an aryl or heteroaryl; providing SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to the reaction mixture; providing a fluorinating reagent to the reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2, the fluorinating reagent and the compound having the structure ArOH to provide a fluorinated aryl species having the structure ArF.

Disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing an aryl fluorosulfonate and a fluorinating reagent to a reaction mixture; and reacting the aryl fluorosulfonate and the fluorinating reagent to provide a fluorinated aryl species.

Also disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing, a salt comprising a cation and an aryloxylate, and SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to a reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2 and the ammonium salt to provide a fluorinated aryl species.

Further disclosed a fluorination method comprising providing a compound having the structure ArOH to a reaction mixture; where Ar is an aryl or heteroaryl; providing SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to the reaction mixture; providing a fluorinating reagent to the reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2, the fluorinating reagent and the compound having the structure ArOH to provide a fluorinated aryl species having the structure ArF.

An organic compound is represented by formula (1). In the formula (1), R.sub.1 to R.sub.24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, a silyl group, and a cyano group.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are 7,7-dihalo-3,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1,1-spirobiindane and a preparation method thereof. The 7,7-dihalo-3,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1,1-spirobiindane is a compound represented by formula I, or an enantiomer, a raceme or a diastereomer thereof. The compound of formula I could be prepared by using a racemic or optically active 3,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1,1-spirobiindane-6,6-diol as a raw material through a series of reactions. The 7,7-dihalo-3,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1,1-spirobiindane is a key intermediate for preparing 3,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1,1-spirobiindane-based phosphine ligand compounds represented by formula II or III. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are 7,7-dihalo-3,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1,1-spirobiindane and a preparation method thereof. The 7,7-dihalo-3,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1,1-spirobiindane is a compound represented by formula I, or an enantiomer, a raceme or a diastereomer thereof. The compound of formula I could be prepared by using a racemic or optically active 3,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1,1-spirobiindane-6,6-diol as a raw material through a series of reactions. The 7,7-dihalo-3,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1,1-spirobiindane is a key intermediate for preparing 3,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1,1-spirobiindane-based phosphine ligand compounds represented by formula II or III. ##STR00001##