The present invention relates to a haloalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound of the following general formula (1): R.sup.1CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH═CH(CH.sub.2).sub.aX.sup.1 (1) wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an n-alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group, X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, and “a” represents an integer of 3 to 14. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing a terminal conjugated alkadien-1-yl acetate compound of the following general formula (5): CH.sub.2═CHCH═CH(CH.sub.2).sub.aOAc (5) wherein “a” is as defined above, and Ac represents an acetyl group, and a terminal conjugated alkadien-1-ol compound of the following general formula (6): CH.sub.2═CHCH═CH(CH.sub.2).sub.aOH (6) wherein “a” is as defined above, from the haloalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound (1).

Embodiments of a system and method are disclosed for obtaining high-energy fuels. In some embodiments, the system and method produces one or more fused cyclic compounds that can include one or more bridging points. The fused cyclic compounds are suitable for use as a high-energy fuels, and may be derived from biomass.

The invention relates to a process for producing ethylene carbonate and/or ethylene glycol, which comprises the following steps: a) supplying an overhead absorber stream withdrawn from an absorber to a vapor-liquid separator to yield an aqueous bottoms stream and a recycle gas stream; b) supplying an aqueous process stream comprising one or more impurities to a distillation apparatus to yield an overhead impurities stream and a purified aqueous process stream, wherein the aqueous process stream supplied to the distillation apparatus comprises at least a portion of the aqueous bottoms stream withdrawn from the vapor-liquid separator, wherein the overhead impurities stream is supplied to a condenser and is cooled to a temperature in the range of from 5 to 95° C., wherein the cooled overhead impurities stream is split into a reflux stream which is recycled to the distillation apparatus and an overhead impurities stream; and further steps c) and d).

There are provided methods of efficiently producing compounds that are, for example, sex pheromones of San Jose Scale. For example, there is provided a method for producing a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl carboxylate compound (4), the method including the steps of: hydrolyzing a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal acetal compound (1) to obtain 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal (2); reducing the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal (2) to obtain 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenol (3); and esterifying the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenol (3) to obtain a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl carboxylate compound (4). ##STR00001##

There are provided methods of efficiently producing compounds that are, for example, sex pheromones of San Jose Scale. For example, there is provided a method for producing a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl carboxylate compound (4), the method including the steps of: hydrolyzing a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal acetal compound (1) to obtain 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal (2); reducing the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal (2) to obtain 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenol (3); and esterifying the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenol (3) to obtain a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl carboxylate compound (4). ##STR00001##

The present invention provide for preparing a formylalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound of the following general formula (2): R.sup.3CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2O(CH.sub.2).sub.aCH═CHCHO (2), wherein R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an n-alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group; and “a” represents an integer of 1 to 10, the process comprising: hydrolyzing a dialkoxyalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound of the following general formula (1): R.sup.3CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2O(CH.sub.2).sub.aCH═CHCH(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2) (1), wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent, independently of each other, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may form together a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1-R.sup.2, having 2 to 10 carbon atoms; and R.sup.3 and “a” are as defined above, in the presence of an acid while removing an alcohol compound thus generated to form the formylalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound (2).

The present invention provide for preparing a formylalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound of the following general formula (2): R.sup.3CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2O(CH.sub.2).sub.aCH═CHCHO (2), wherein R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an n-alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group; and “a” represents an integer of 1 to 10, the process comprising: hydrolyzing a dialkoxyalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound of the following general formula (1): R.sup.3CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2O(CH.sub.2).sub.aCH═CHCH(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2) (1), wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent, independently of each other, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may form together a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1-R.sup.2, having 2 to 10 carbon atoms; and R.sup.3 and “a” are as defined above, in the presence of an acid while removing an alcohol compound thus generated to form the formylalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound (2).

The present invention provide for preparing a formylalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound of the following general formula (2): R.sup.3CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2O(CH.sub.2).sub.aCH═CHCHO (2), wherein R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an n-alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group; and “a” represents an integer of 1 to 10, the process comprising: hydrolyzing a dialkoxyalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound of the following general formula (1): R.sup.3CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2O(CH.sub.2).sub.aCH═CHCH(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2) (1), wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent, independently of each other, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may form together a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1-R.sup.2, having 2 to 10 carbon atoms; and R.sup.3 and “a” are as defined above, in the presence of an acid while removing an alcohol compound thus generated to form the formylalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound (2).

The present invention relates to a haloalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound of the following general formula (1): R.sup.1CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH═CH(CH.sub.2).sub.aX.sup.1 (1) wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an n-alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group, X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, and “a” represents an integer of 3 to 14. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing a terminal conjugated alkadien-1-yl acetate compound of the following general formula (5): CH.sub.2═CHCH═CH(CH.sub.2).sub.aOAc (5) wherein “a” is as defined above, and Ac represents an acetyl group, and a terminal conjugated alkadien-1-ol compound of the following general formula (6): CH.sub.2═CHCH═CH(CH.sub.2).sub.aOH (6) wherein “a” is as defined above, from the haloalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound (1).

The present invention relates to a haloalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound of the following general formula (1): R.sup.1CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH═CH(CH.sub.2).sub.aX.sup.1 (1) wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an n-alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group, X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, and “a” represents an integer of 3 to 14. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing a terminal conjugated alkadien-1-yl acetate compound of the following general formula (5): CH.sub.2═CHCH═CH(CH.sub.2).sub.aOAc (5) wherein “a” is as defined above, and Ac represents an acetyl group, and a terminal conjugated alkadien-1-ol compound of the following general formula (6): CH.sub.2═CHCH═CH(CH.sub.2).sub.aOH (6) wherein “a” is as defined above, from the haloalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound (1).