Provided are vitamin D.sub.3 derivatives of formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and pharmaceutical or medical uses thereof for treating metabolic disease, a liver disease, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer in a patient in need thereof.

The present disclosure generally relates to a process for hydroboration of an alkene or alkyne using ammonia borane (AB). In particular, the present invention relates to hydroboration of an alkene or alkyne in the presence of air or moisture, and a clean process for facile preparation of an alcohol by oxidizing the organoborane so formed with hydrogen peroxide. The products, including aminodialkylboranes, ammonia trialkylborane complexes, as well as various alcohols so prepared, are within the scope of this disclosure.

The present disclosure generally relates to a process for hydroboration of an alkene or alkyne using ammonia borane (AB). In particular, the present invention relates to hydroboration of an alkene or alkyne in the presence of air or moisture, and a clean process for facile preparation of an alcohol by oxidizing the organoborane so formed with hydrogen peroxide. The products, including aminodialkylboranes, ammonia trialkylborane complexes, as well as various alcohols so prepared, are within the scope of this disclosure.

The present disclosure generally relates to a process for hydroboration of an alkene or alkyne using ammonia borane (AB). In particular, the present invention relates to hydroboration of an alkene or alkyne in the presence of air or moisture, and a clean process for facile preparation of an alcohol by oxidizing the organoborane so formed with hydrogen peroxide. The products, including aminodialkylboranes, ammonia trialkylborane complexes, as well as various alcohols so prepared, are within the scope of this disclosure.

Methods for preparing a variety of ladderane precursors, ladderane compounds and ladderane lipids are provided. Also provided are methods of preparing a liposome from the ladderane lipids disclosed herein, and compositions thereof. Aspects of the invention include encapsulated one or more cargo moieties in the liposome or compositions thereof and use of the subject liposome compositions as vehicles in drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics and other medical applications. Aspects of the methods disclosed herein include administering a liposomal composition comprising a pharmaceutical agent to a subject under conditions sufficient to deliver the composition to a site of interest in the subject, and release the pharmaceutical agent from the liposomal composition.

Methods for preparing a variety of ladderane precursors, ladderane compounds and ladderane lipids are provided. Also provided are methods of preparing a liposome from the ladderane lipids disclosed herein, and compositions thereof. Aspects of the invention include encapsulated one or more cargo moieties in the liposome or compositions thereof and use of the subject liposome compositions as vehicles in drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics and other medical applications. Aspects of the methods disclosed herein include administering a liposomal composition comprising a pharmaceutical agent to a subject under conditions sufficient to deliver the composition to a site of interest in the subject, and release the pharmaceutical agent from the liposomal composition.

Methods for preparing a variety of ladderane precursors, ladderane compounds and ladderane lipids are provided. Also provided are methods of preparing a liposome from the ladderane lipids disclosed herein, and compositions thereof. Aspects of the invention include encapsulated one or more cargo moieties in the liposome or compositions thereof and use of the subject liposome compositions as vehicles in drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics and other medical applications. Aspects of the methods disclosed herein include administering a liposomal composition comprising a pharmaceutical agent to a subject under conditions sufficient to deliver the composition to a site of interest in the subject, and release the pharmaceutical agent from the liposomal composition.

Disclosed is a cyclopropanation process comprising the step of reacting an alkene compound having at least one carbon-carbon double bond with at least one dihaloalkane. The reaction is carried out in the presence of (i) particulate metal Zn, (ii) catalytically effective amount of particulate metal Cu or a salt thereof, (iii) at least one haloalkylsilane, and (iv) at least one solvent.

Disclosed is a cyclopropanation process comprising the step of reacting an alkene compound having at least one carbon-carbon double bond with at least one dihaloalkane. The reaction is carried out in the presence of (i) particulate metal Zn, (ii) catalytically effective amount of particulate metal Cu or a salt thereof, (iii) at least one haloalkylsilane, and (iv) at least one solvent.

The present invention pertains to novel octahydro-indene compounds and their unexpected advantageous use thereof in enhancing, improving or modifying the fragrance of perfumes, colognes, toilet waters, fabric care products, personal products, and the like.