It is possible to produce an optically active fluoroalkyl chloromethyl alcohol with a high optical purity and a good yield by treating a fluoroalkyl chloromethyl ketone with a microorganism having an activity for asymmetrically reducing the ketone or an enzyme having the activity. Then, it is possible to obtain a fluoroalkyl ethylene oxide by treating the alcohol with a base. Industrial implementation of the production method of the present invention is easy.

It is possible to produce an optically active fluoroalkyl chloromethyl alcohol with a high optical purity and a good yield by treating a fluoroalkyl chloromethyl ketone with a microorganism having an activity for asymmetrically reducing the ketone or an enzyme having the activity. Then, it is possible to obtain a fluoroalkyl ethylene oxide by treating the alcohol with a base. Industrial implementation of the production method of the present invention is easy.

The present invention provides an electrolytic solution capable of providing an electrochemical device (e.g., a lithium ion secondary battery) or a module that is less likely to generate gas even in high-temperature storage and has high capacity retention even after high-temperature storage. The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution which may contain a compound represented by Y.sup.21R.sup.21CCY.sup.22R.sup.22 wherein R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 may be the same as or different from each other, and are each H, an alkyl group, or a halogenated alkyl group; Y.sup.21 and Y.sup.22 may be the same as or different from each other, and are each OR.sup.23 or a halogen atom; and R.sup.23 is H, an alkyl group, or a halogenated alkyl group.

The present invention aims to provide a water-absorbing resin crosslinking agent which is excellent in safety and which can effectively crosslink a water-absorbing resin at low temperatures to produce a water-absorbing agent having a high water absorption capacity. The present invention also aims to provide a water-absorbing agent produced by crosslinking a water-absorbing resin with the water-absorbing resin crosslinking agent, and a method for producing the water-absorbing agent. The present invention may include a water-absorbing resin crosslinking agent containing a halohydrin compound having one halohydrin group represented by the following formula (1) in its molecule: ##STR00001##
wherein A represents a single bond or an alkylene group; R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and X represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.

The present invention aims to provide a water-absorbing resin crosslinking agent which is excellent in safety and which can effectively crosslink a water-absorbing resin at low temperatures to produce a water-absorbing agent having a high water absorption capacity. The present invention also aims to provide a water-absorbing agent produced by crosslinking a water-absorbing resin with the water-absorbing resin crosslinking agent, and a method for producing the water-absorbing agent. The present invention may include a water-absorbing resin crosslinking agent containing a halohydrin compound having one halohydrin group represented by the following formula (1) in its molecule: ##STR00001##
wherein A represents a single bond or an alkylene group; R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and X represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.

Provided is a process of preparing dichloropropanol, DCP. The process includes the step of: subjecting a three-carbon material to a first chlorination reaction with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution in the presence of a carboxylic acid catalyst; adding the three-carbon material into the first mixture solution to undergo a second chlorination reaction and obtain a second mixture solution containing less than 13 wt % of hydrochloric acid; distilling the second mixture solution; and purifying the overhead product by oil-water separation to obtain DCP from the oil phase. By lowering the concentration of the hydrochloric acid contained in the mixture to be distilled, the DCP product can be straightly obtained via distillation and oil-water separation, thereby effectively simplifying the process of preparing DCP.

Provided is a process of preparing dichloropropanol, DCP. The process includes the step of: subjecting a three-carbon material to a first chlorination reaction with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution in the presence of a carboxylic acid catalyst; adding the three-carbon material into the first mixture solution to undergo a second chlorination reaction and obtain a second mixture solution containing less than 13 wt % of hydrochloric acid; distilling the second mixture solution; and purifying the overhead product by oil-water separation to obtain DCP from the oil phase. By lowering the concentration of the hydrochloric acid contained in the mixture to be distilled, the DCP product can be straightly obtained via distillation and oil-water separation, thereby effectively simplifying the process of preparing DCP.

Convert dichloroisopropyl ether into a halogenated derivative by contacting the dichloroisopropyl ether with a source of hydrogen and a select heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst under process conditions selected from a combination of a temperature within a range of from 50 degrees centigrade ( C.) to 350 C., a pressure within a range of from atmospheric pressure (0.1 megapascals) to 1000 pounds per square inch (6.9 MPa), a liquid feed volume flow to catalyst mass ratio between 0.5 and 10 L/Kg*h and a volume hydrogen/volume liquid ratio between 100 and 5000 ml gas/ml liquid. The halogenated derivative is at least one of 1-chloro-2-propanol and 1,2-dichloropropane 1, and glycerin monochlorohydrin.

Convert dichloroisopropyl ether into a halogenated derivative by contacting the dichloroisopropyl ether with a source of hydrogen and a select heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst under process conditions selected from a combination of a temperature within a range of from 50 degrees centigrade ( C.) to 350 C., a pressure within a range of from atmospheric pressure (0.1 megapascals) to 1000 pounds per square inch (6.9 MPa), a liquid feed volume flow to catalyst mass ratio between 0.5 and 10 L/Kg*h and a volume hydrogen/volume liquid ratio between 100 and 5000 ml gas/ml liquid. The halogenated derivative is at least one of 1-chloro-2-propanol and 1,2-dichloropropane 1, and glycerin monochlorohydrin.

Convert dichloroisopropyl ether into a halogenated derivative by contacting the dichloroisopropyl ether with a source of hydrogen and a select heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst under process conditions selected from a combination of a temperature within a range of from 50 degrees centigrade ( C.) to 350 C., a pressure within a range of from atmospheric pressure (0.1 mega-pascals) to 1000 pounds per square inch (6.9 MPa), a liquid feed volume flow to catalyst mass ratio between 0.5 and 10 L/Kg*h and a volume hydrogen/volume liquid ratio between 100 and 5000 ml gas/ml liquid. The halogenated derivative is at least one of 1-chloro-2-propanol and 1,2-dichloropropane 1, and glycerin monochlorohydrin.