A method for making cyclopentadiene fuels comprising producing cyclopent-2-en-1-one or a mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-one from a bio-based source. The cyclopent-2-en-1-one or the mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-one is hydrogenated, thereby forming cyclopent-2-en-1-ol or a mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-ol. The cyclopent-2-en-1-ol or the mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-ol is dehydrated with a dehydrating agent, thereby forming cyclopentadiene or a mixture of cyclopentadiene. The cyclopentadiene or mixture of cyclopentadiene is converted to dicyclopentadiene or dihydrodicyclopentadiene. The dicyclopentadiene or dihydrodicyclopentadiene is hydrogenated, thereby forming tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene. The tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene is isomerized, thereby forming exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene.

A method for making cyclopentadiene fuels comprising producing cyclopent-2-en-1-one or a mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-one from a bio-based source. The cyclopent-2-en-1-one or the mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-one is hydrogenated, thereby forming cyclopent-2-en-1-ol or a mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-ol. The cyclopent-2-en-1-ol or the mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-ol is dehydrated with a dehydrating agent, thereby forming cyclopentadiene or a mixture of cyclopentadiene. The cyclopentadiene or mixture of cyclopentadiene is converted to dicyclopentadiene or dihydrodicyclopentadiene. The dicyclopentadiene or dihydrodicyclopentadiene is hydrogenated, thereby forming tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene. The tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene is isomerized, thereby forming exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene.

The disclosure relates to an entecavir intermediate, a synthetic method therefor, and the synthetic method for entecavir by using the intermediate. According to the disclosure, the synthetic methods for entecavir and the intermediate thereof have the advantages of being controllable in chirality, high in yield and product purity, wide in source of raw materials, cheap and available in reagents, simple in reactions, convenient to operate, environmentally friendly, and suitable for industrial amplification production.

Provided is a composition including an alicyclic acrylate derivative. A composition including an alicyclic acrylate derivative according to one embodiment of the present invention includes an alicyclic acrylate compound but does not include an amine derivative by-product.

Disclosed is a novel transition metal complex containing N-heterocyclic carbene and a sulfonamide group, or N-heterocyclic carbene and an amide group, and application thereof, the traquesnsition metal complex having a wider range of general purposes in olefin metathesis and being able to be variably controlled in reactivity.

Disclosed is a novel transition metal complex containing N-heterocyclic carbene and a sulfonamide group, or N-heterocyclic carbene and an amide group, and application thereof, the traquesnsition metal complex having a wider range of general purposes in olefin metathesis and being able to be variably controlled in reactivity.

Control and repellency of biting flies, house flies, ticks, ants, fleas, biting midges, cockroaches, spiders and stink bugs is obtained by contact of the insects with at least one of the compounds of the structure (I) ##STR00001##
wherein
R is OH, O, OC(O)R.sub.4, OR.sub.6, or (OR.sub.6).sub.2, wherein each R.sub.6 is independently an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.4 is a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated, hydrocarbyl group with zero to two double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms;
X is O or CH.sub.2, with the proviso that when X is O R can only be O:
each Z is independently (CH) or (CH.sub.2);
y is a numeral selected from 1 and 2;
R.sub.1 is H or a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to two double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms;
R.sub.2 is H and a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to three double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms;
R.sub.3 is H, a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to three double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, (CH.sub.2).sub.nOH, C(O)OR.sub.5, CH.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.7, CH.sub.2C(O)R.sub.8, C(O)NR.sub.9R.sub.10,
or CH.sub.2C(O)NR.sub.11R.sub.12 where each of R.sub.5, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 is independently H or a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to three double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and n is n integer of from 1 to 12;
the bond between the 2 and 3 positions in the ring structure may be a single or a double bond; and
wherein the compounds of structure (I) contain from 11 to 20 carbon atoms except where R is O, XCH.sub.2 and y is 1 the compounds of structure (I) contain from 13 to 20 carbon atoms, with the proviso that when R.sub.3 is CH.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.7 R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 must be H or a saturated hydrocarbyl group with zero double bonds. The invention also includes optical isomers, diastereomers and enantiomers of the compounds of structure (I).

Control and repellency of biting flies, house flies, ticks, ants, fleas, biting midges, cockroaches, spiders and stink bugs is obtained by contact of the insects with at least one of the compounds of the structure (I) ##STR00001##
wherein
R is OH, O, OC(O)R.sub.4, OR.sub.6, or (OR.sub.6).sub.2, wherein each R.sub.6 is independently an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.4 is a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated, hydrocarbyl group with zero to two double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms;
X is O or CH.sub.2, with the proviso that when X is O R can only be O:
each Z is independently (CH) or (CH.sub.2);
y is a numeral selected from 1 and 2;
R.sub.1 is H or a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to two double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms;
R.sub.2 is H and a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to three double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms;
R.sub.3 is H, a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to three double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, (CH.sub.2).sub.nOH, C(O)OR.sub.5, CH.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.7, CH.sub.2C(O)R.sub.8, C(O)NR.sub.9R.sub.10,
or CH.sub.2C(O)NR.sub.11R.sub.12 where each of R.sub.5, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 is independently H or a branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group with zero to three double bonds and from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and n is n integer of from 1 to 12;
the bond between the 2 and 3 positions in the ring structure may be a single or a double bond; and
wherein the compounds of structure (I) contain from 11 to 20 carbon atoms except where R is O, XCH.sub.2 and y is 1 the compounds of structure (I) contain from 13 to 20 carbon atoms, with the proviso that when R.sub.3 is CH.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.7 R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 must be H or a saturated hydrocarbyl group with zero double bonds. The invention also includes optical isomers, diastereomers and enantiomers of the compounds of structure (I).

A compound is provided of Formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbon group derived from an alcohol of formula R.sup.1OH, from a formate of formula R.sup.1OCHO, or a cinnamyl aldehyde of Formula (II) ##STR00002##
wherein a compound of Formula I is capable of releasing a compound, when oxidized, selected from the group consisting of a fragrant alcohol of formula R.sup.1OH, a fragrant formate ester of formula R.sup.1OCHO and aryl aldehyde of Formula (III) ##STR00003##
wherein R.sup.2 is, independently, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy group, or O(CO)CH(CH3).sub.2 wherein any two of R.sup.2 may form an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered ring. The compounds are useful for example as a precursor for the prolonged delivery or release of fragrant compounds such as fragrant alcohols, fragrant aldehydes or fragrant formates.

A compound is provided of Formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbon group derived from an alcohol of formula R.sup.1OH, from a formate of formula R.sup.1OCHO, or a cinnamyl aldehyde of Formula (II) ##STR00002##
wherein a compound of Formula I is capable of releasing a compound, when oxidized, selected from the group consisting of a fragrant alcohol of formula R.sup.1OH, a fragrant formate ester of formula R.sup.1OCHO and aryl aldehyde of Formula (III) ##STR00003##
wherein R.sup.2 is, independently, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy group, or O(CO)CH(CH3).sub.2 wherein any two of R.sup.2 may form an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered ring. The compounds are useful for example as a precursor for the prolonged delivery or release of fragrant compounds such as fragrant alcohols, fragrant aldehydes or fragrant formates.