The use of a medicament as a single agent, binary agent, or other combination comprising of substantially pure novel cannabinoids 1 and 2, optionally admixed with one or more known and novel cannabinoids and other known naturally occurring and synthetic tetracyclic 2A and tricyclic 1A cannabinoids for the prevention, treatment or cure of inflammatory mediated diseases or inflammatory mediated pathological conditions, anorexia, arthritis, cancer, pain, glaucoma, migraine, persistent muscle spasms, seizures (epileptic seizures), severe nausea, PTSD, autism spectrum disorder, drug abuse, insomnia, or any other chronic or persistent medical symptom.

The present invention relates to novel cannabinoids 1 and 2, synthesized from simple starting materials using a cascade sequence of allylic rearrangement, aromatization and, for tetracyclic cannabinoids, further highly stereoselective and regioselective cyclization. These synthesized cannabinoids can more easily be obtained at high purity levels than cannabinoids isolated or synthesized via known methods. The cannabinoids 2 are obtained containing very low levels of isomeric cannabinoids such as the undesirable Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol. The analogues with variation in aromatic ring substituents, whilst easily synthesized with the new methodology, would be much more difficult to make from any of the components of cannabis oil. Novel compounds of the formulas 3, 4, 5 and 6, as intermediates for the synthesis of the cannabinoids of the formulas 1 and 2 are also disclosed.

A process for the preparation of substantially pure diverse known and novel cannabinoids 1 and 2, which include Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (7), tetrahydrocannabivarin (9), cannabidiol (11), cannabidivarin (12) and other naturally occurring tetracyclic and tricyclic cannabinoids and other synthetic tetracyclic and tricyclic analogues, via intermediates 3, 6, 4 and 5, using a cascade sequence of allylic rearrangement, aromatization and, for the tetracyclic cannabinoids, further highly stereoselective and regioselective cyclization. These synthesized cannabinoids can more easily be obtained at high purity levels than cannabinoids isolated or synthesized via known methods. The cannabinoids 2, including Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (7), tetrahydrocannabivarin (9), are obtained containing very low levels of isomeric cannabinoids such as the undesirable Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol. The known and novel analogues with variation in aromatic ring substituents, whilst easily synthesized with the new methodology, would be much more difficult to make from any of the components of cannabis or cannabis oil.

A process for the preparation of substantially pure diverse known and novel cannabinoids 1 and 2, which include Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (7), tetrahydrocannabivarin (9), cannabidiol (11), cannabidivarin (12) and other naturally occurring tetracyclic and tricyclic cannabinoids and other synthetic tetracyclic and tricyclic analogues, via intermediates 3, 6, 4 and 5, using a cascade sequence of allylic rearrangement, aromatization and, for the tetracyclic cannabinoids, further highly stereoselective and regioselective cyclization. These synthesized cannabinoids can more easily be obtained at high purity levels than cannabinoids isolated or synthesized via known methods. The cannabinoids 2, including Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (7), tetrahydrocannabivarin (9), are obtained containing very low levels of isomeric cannabinoids such as the undesirable Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol. The known and novel analogues with variation in aromatic ring substituents, whilst easily synthesized with the new methodology, would be much more difficult to make from any of the components of cannabis or cannabis oil.

Systems and methods for recovering phenol have been disclosed. The methods of recovering phenol includes concurrently processing, in a phenol recovery unit, a crude phenol stream from a phenol production unit, and a bisphenol-A purge stream from a bisphenol-A production unit to produce a first product stream comprising 60 to 95 wt. % phenol. The phenol recovery unit comprises a crude phenol distillation column and a bisphenol-A-phenol distillation column. The processing includes distilling a bottom stream from the crude phenol distillation column in the bisphenol-A-phenol distillation column.

Systems and methods for recovering phenol have been disclosed. The methods of recovering phenol includes concurrently processing, in a phenol recovery unit, a crude phenol stream from a phenol production unit, and a bisphenol-A purge stream from a bisphenol-A production unit to produce a first product stream comprising 60 to 95 wt. % phenol. The phenol recovery unit comprises a crude phenol distillation column and a bisphenol-A-phenol distillation column. The processing includes distilling a bottom stream from the crude phenol distillation column in the bisphenol-A-phenol distillation column.

A high-purity alcohol compound can be obtained by a method comprising passing a solution containing an ester compound and methanol and/or ethanol through a column packed with an anion exchange resin having methoxide and/or ethoxide as a counter anion to generate a methyl ester and/or ethyl ester, and distilling off the methyl ester and/or ethyl ester together with the methanol and/or ethanol.

A high-purity alcohol compound can be obtained by a method comprising passing a solution containing an ester compound and methanol and/or ethanol through a column packed with an anion exchange resin having methoxide and/or ethoxide as a counter anion to generate a methyl ester and/or ethyl ester, and distilling off the methyl ester and/or ethyl ester together with the methanol and/or ethanol.

Equipment and processes for curing and decarboxylating botanical oils, and in particular oils such as cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from plants of the genus Cannabis (including both THC-lacking industrial hemp and THC-bearing varieties) are described. Lower temperatures, extended cure cycles and inert-gas processing improve product quality and reduce undesired oxidation, resulting in clear, homogenous oils with less tendency to crystallize.

Equipment and processes for curing and decarboxylating botanical oils, and in particular oils such as cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from plants of the genus Cannabis (including both THC-lacking industrial hemp and THC-bearing varieties) are described. Lower temperatures, extended cure cycles and inert-gas processing improve product quality and reduce undesired oxidation, resulting in clear, homogenous oils with less tendency to crystallize.